2022年高考英语真题深度解析与变式训练 ：

全国甲卷阅读理解A篇+B篇

教育部教育考试院：2022年高考英语全国卷试题评析（摘要）

2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步加强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。

考查学科关键能力，服务落实“双减”政策

2.1 深化基础，注重能力，引导教学减量提质

英语试卷对接高中英语课程标准要求，强化对基础语言知识和文化知识的理解和掌握，注重考查考生在牢固掌握语言知识基础上的综合语言运用能力，引导中学英语教学重视学生语言能力的提高。

英语科试卷在真实、地道的英语语境中考查基础语言知识和文化知识，使用的题型有完形填空、语法填空和短文改错等。这些题型要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，具体语境中不同词语、句子与整个篇章结构之间的联系，考查考生对英语词法、句法以及语篇知识的掌握运用情况。阅读题重视对文本精细阅读的考查，尤其强调对语篇关键信息的理解和推断能力。深化基础性考查旨在引导中学教学依据课程标准，帮助学生掌握语音、词汇、语法、语篇和语用等基础语言知识，同时引导学生学会在不同的语境中理解语篇所表达的主题意义，建构结构化知识，内化所学语言知识和文化知识，具备一定的语言意识和英语语感。

英语科试卷注重关键能力考查，尤其强化对阅读理解和书面表达等关键能力的考查。阅读题设置考查作者观点或态度、语篇主旨要义等高阶思维能力的试题，要求考生运用批判性思维和辩证思维深入思考文章主题和思想内涵，根据语篇内容进行逻辑推理并通过归纳和概括作答，对考生的语言运用能力提出很高要求。注重关键能力考查旨在引导学生通过听、说、读、看、写等英语学习方式和实践活动，灵活运用所学语言知识，提高英语语言综合运用能力。

文章出处：

A篇节选自2014年到2015年发行的英国威尔士卡迪夫城市旅游手册。旅游嘛，当然有吃有喝有玩，这本手册上推荐了卡迪夫当地几个特色的演出剧场。藏得很深，不过被我们找到了。

文章链接：

http://51h2lc4n573ga5bh382hhw1s-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/09/essentialguide-2014-2015.pdf

2022年全国甲卷真题变式大题库

【原卷21-23题】 知识点 应用文 人与社会 剧院博物馆 人文话题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Theatres and Entertainment

St David’s Hall

St David’s Hall is the award winning National Concert Hall of Wales standing at the very heart of Cardiff’s entertainment centre. With an impressive 2,000-seat concert hall, St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff. It presents live entertainment, including pop, rock, folk, jazz, musicals, dance, world music, films and classical music.

The Hayes, Cardiff CF 10 1 AH

www.stdavidshallcardiff.co.uk

The Glee Club

Every weekend this is “Wales” premier comedy club where having a great time is the order for both audiences and comedy stars alike. It is hard to name a comedy star who hasn’t been on the stage here. If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here.

Mermaid Quay, Cardiff Bay, Cardiff CF 10 5 BZ

www.glee.co.uk/cardiff

Sherman Cymru

Sherman Cymru’s theatre in the Cathays area of Cardiff reopened in February 2012. This special building is a place in which theatre is made and where children, artists, writers and anyone else have the opportunity (机会) to do creative things. Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.

Senghennydd Road, Cardiff CF 24 4 YE

www.shermancymru.co.uk

New Theatre

The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicals, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years. Presenting the best of the West End along with the pick of the UK’s touring shows, the New Theatre is Cardiff’s oldest surviving traditional theatre. Be sure to pay a visit as part of your stay in the city.

Park Place, Cardiff CF 10 3 LN

www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk

21. Where is the Welsh Proms Cardiff hosted?

A. At the New Theatre. B. At the Glee Club.

C. At Sherman Cymru. D. At St David’s Hall.

22. What can people do at the Glee Club?

A. Watch musicals. B. Enjoy comedies.

C. See family shows. D. Do creative things.

23. Which website can you visit to learn about Cardiff’s oldest surviving theatre?

A. www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk B. www.shermancymru.co.uk

C. www.glee.co.uk/cardiff D. www.stdavidshalleardiff.co.uk

21-23 DBA

【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了Cardiff当地的一些剧院和娱乐场所。

21. D。细节理解题。根据文章“St David’s Hall”部分中的“St David’s Hall is home to the annual Welsh Proms Cardiff (St David’s Hall是Cardiff一年一度的Welsh Proms的举办地)”可知，Cardiff的Welsh Proms活动在St David’s Hall举办。故选D。

22. B。细节理解题。根据文章“The Glee Club”部分中的“If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and brilliant live music, you should start here (如果你正在寻找巡演中最好的喜剧和精彩的现场音乐，你应该从这里开始)”可知，人们可以在The Glee Club享受喜剧。故选B。

23. A。细节理解题。根据文章“New Theatre”部分中的“The New Theatre has been the home of quality drama, musicians, dance and children’s shows for more than 100 years (100多年来，New Theatre一直是优质戏剧、音乐家、舞蹈和儿童节目的发源地)”以及其下面的网站“www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk”可知，可以在www.newtheatrecardiff.co.uk网站找到Cardiff存在最久的剧院。故选A。

应用文解题指导

应用文是最贴近日常生活的文体，它包括说明性应用文，如广告、启事、海报、守则、公告、指南、个人简历、备忘录、摘要等和叙述性应用文，如书信、日记、便条、报告、请帖等。英语《考试说明》对“读” 的能力要求之一是：要求考生读懂一般性话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中的简短文章并能识别不同文体的特征。研读近年全国各地的高考试题可以看出，应用文是高考阅读理解命题的重要体裁之一和基础得分题型。

题型特点

1. 材料特点：综观近几年的高考英语阅读理解题，其中应用类阅读题内容主要涉及的是与人们生活息息相关的信息，如产品宣传、服务介绍、招生招聘等。

2. 形式特点：做广告的主要目的就是要让受众了解并记住广告的内容，并为广告上所刊登的内容(产品或服务等)买单。为了达到这一目的，人们在设计广告时往往会做到：标题醒目，重点突出，条理清楚。

3. 用词特点：广告类阅读材料的用词有＂三多＂特点：一是人名、地名、专有名词多；二是生词多；三是缩略词、省略句多。

4. 命题特点：广告类阅读是近几年高考英语阅读理解最常考的题材，在阅读理解的选材中占有很大的比重。命题者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和处理信息的能力，所以命题的题型多是以获取信息为主的细节理解题。

5.命题趋势

（1）考点趋势：对语篇领悟能力的检测仍是高考的重点和基本点，同时还需对主旨大意题和文章结构题的考查。

（2）理解层次趋势：表层意义理解题减少，深层含义理解题增多。考查难度有所增加，由简单寻找信息向多层次细节推理的趋势比较明显。

（3）信息量和词汇量：阅读理解材料信息浓缩，词汇总量减少，但对词汇量的考查在加大，非考纲词汇有所增加(主要为词根加上前、后缀或有词义转化的词)。旨在引导学生掌握词汇的合成、派生和转化，让考生能通过上下文或构词法来理解词汇的含义。《考试说明》中＂根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义＂这一新要求预示对能力要求有所提高。

（4）句子的难度：长句增多，句子难度加大。复合句、省略句、倒装句和插入语等语言现象普遍。

（5）体裁和题材：继续体现体裁和题材多样化，并彰显英语国家语言与文化特点，强化文化意识的渗透。题材涉猎广泛，体现＂语言是文化的载体＂这一理念。

解题策略

1. 先题后文

先读试题，了解试题考点；明确目的，快速捕捉，获取信息。

2. 原文定位

根据题干关键词到文中定位答案范围，按照题目顺序依次而下：问题与材料相同→对号入座；问题与原文相同→同义替换、归纳事实等。

3. 淡化生词

遇到人名、地名、专有名词等；如与答题无关，直接跳过；涉及答题，则根据语境、构词法等猜词。

应用文变式训练

21-23-1【基础】

The Most Breathtaking Theaters in the World

Shakespeare's Globe Theater（London, UK）

The original Globe Theater was built by Shakespeare's company in 1599, but was destroyed by fire in 1613. A replica was built in 1997 just meters from the original site. The new 857-seat structure has several modern features. It has the first and only straw roof permitted in London since the great fire of 1666.

Shakespeare's Globe, 21 New Globe Walk, Bankside, London; +44 20 7902 1400

Margravial Opera House（Bayreuth, Germany）

Built in 1745, the UNESCO-listed Mareravial Opera House is regarded as the finest baroque theater in Europe. The stage has a depth of 27 meters and was the largest in Europe until 1871. Much of the original materials remain, along with original structures, such as the twin staircases.

Margravial Opera House, Opernstrasse 14. Bayreuth, Germany; +49 9 21 7 59 69 22

Teatro Amazonas（Manaus, Brazil）

There can't be many theaters located in the middle of the Amazon rainforest, and the Teatro Amazonas is certainly the most breathtaking. The theater was built in 1895 and was designed by Italian architect Celestial Sacardim. Work took 15 years. largely thanks to the decision to source supplies from all over the world

Amazon Theater, Centro, Manaus, Brazil; +55 92 3622 1880

National Centre for the Performing Arts（Beijing, China）

The National Centre for the Performing Arts（NCPA）, built in 2007, is an arts centre in Beijing. Designed by French architect Paul Andreu, the NCPA is the largest theatre complex（建筑群）in Asia. The NCPA includes value in both ancient traditional Chinese architecture and modern architecture. It was specially designed to improve the red walls of ancient buildings and the Great Hall of the People in order to fit in with the surroundings.

NCPA, No. 2 West Chang'an Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing; +86 010 6655 0989

21. Where does the theatre with its longest survival time lie?

A. In London. B. In Bayreuth C. In Manaus. D. In Beijing

22. Which of the following was designed by an Italian architect?

A. Shakespeare's Globe. B. Margravial Opera House.

C. Teatro Amazonas. D. National Centre for the Performing Arts.

23. How is National Centre for the Performing Arts special?

A. It features modern architecture. B. It receives worldwide supplies.

C. It is a multifunctional theatre D. It matches its surroundings.

21-23 BCD

【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上令人最为叹为观止的几座大剧院。

21. B。细节理解题。根据Margravial Opera House（Bayreuth, Germany）部分的“Built in 1745, the UNESCO-listed Mareravial Opera House is regarded as the finest baroque theater in Europe.”（马里拉维尔歌剧院建于1745年，被联合国教科文组织列入名录，被认为是欧洲最好的巴洛克式剧院。）可知，这几座剧院中年代最为久远的是位于德国的马里拉维尔歌剧院。故选B。

22. C。细节理解题。根据Teatro Amazonas（Manaus, Brazil）部分的“The theater was built in 1895 and was designed by Italian architect Celestial Sacardim.”（这座剧院建于1895年，由意大利建筑师Celestial Sacardim设计。）可知，Teatro Amazonas由意大利设计师设计。故选C。

23. D。细节理解题。根据National Centre for the Performing Arts（Beijing, China）部分的“It was specially designed to improve the red walls of ancient buildings and the Great Hall of the People in order to fit in with the surroundings.”（为了适应周围的环境，它专门为改善古建筑和人民大会堂的红墙而做出这样的设计。）可知，National Centre for the Performing Arts的特殊之处在于它完美融合了周围的环境。故选D。

21-23-2【基础】

Here is a list of festivals and events taking place throughout Ontario. You can choose whatever suits you.

Winter Glow

Date: December 4-27, 2022, 5:30 p. m. -11:00 p. m. Admission: $40 per person

Experience a family-friendly outdoor winter festival as you celebrate the magic of winter with ice and snow sculptures, life size snow globes, light show and more!

Contact: Julie, Email: julie@ellevents.ca, Phone: 6477993187

Barrie Winterfest

Date: February 4-5, 2023, 10:00a. m. -5:00 a. m.

Grab your gloves 8&celebrate winter! Enjoy spectacular ice & snow sculptures, lumberjack(伐木工)shows, polar bear dip, family entertainment, drop-in activities, pancake breakfast, and skating.

Contact: Arin Donnelly, Email: arin.donnelly@barrie.ca, Phone:(705)7394285

Family Day Geocaching Event

Date: December 21, 2022 Admission: $24.35

The event will start with an introduction to geocaching(地理寻宝). After one practice, we’ll review important geocaching rules, helpful clues, and safety considerations. All equipment is provided. Children under 12 must be accompanied by paying adults.

Contact: Shawn Hermans, Email: info@geocachecanada.com, Phone: 4164026746

Bridges Festival

Date: December 12-14, 2022 Admission: $0-35

Puppetry(木偶戏)and the animation of inanimate objects are some of the oldest art forms known to humans. But giving life to lifeless objects is not an art form of the past. Wei are proud to present world class puppetry and animation shorts to local audiences in Mississauga.

Contact: Aimee Poulin, Email: info@cranecreations.ca, Phone: 5149268781

21. What do Winter Glow and Barrie Winterfest have in common?

A. They both provide activities involving ice. B. They both have polar bear dip.

C. They both charge the same price. D. They both last two days.

22. Which activity is unsuitable for a kid of 11 without a grown-up’s company?

A. Family Day Geocaching Event. B. Barrie Winterfest.

C. Bridges Festival. D. Winter Glow.

23. If you want to watch puppetry，who should you contact?

A. Julie. B. Arin Donnelly. C. Aimee Poulin. D. Shawn Hermans.

【语篇解读】本文是应用文。文章列出了安大略各地的节日和活动供游客们选择适合的。

21. A。细节理解题。根据Winter Glow中“Experience a family-friendly outdoor winter festival as you celebrate the magic of winter with ice and snow sculptures, life size snow globes, light show and more!”(“体验一个家庭友好的户外冬季节日，你可以用冰雪雕塑、真人大小的雪球、灯光秀等来庆祝冬天的魔力!”)以及Barrie Winterfest中“Grab your gloves 8&celebrate winter! Enjoy spectacular ice & snow sculptures, lumberjack(伐木工)shows, polar bear dip, family entertainment, drop-in activities, pancake breakfast, and skating.”(拿上你的手套，庆祝冬天!享受壮观的冰雪雕塑，伐木工人表演，北极熊蘸，家庭娱乐，活动，煎饼早餐，滑冰)可知，Winter Glow and Barrie Winterfest 两个节日的共同点它们都提供与冰有关的活动。故选A。

22. A。细节理解题。根据Family Day Geocaching Event(家庭日地理寻宝活动)中“Children under 12 must be accompanied by paying adults.”(12岁以下儿童必须有付费成人陪同)可知，Family Day Geocaching Event不适合一个11岁的孩子在没有大人陪伴的情况下参加故选A。

23. C。细节理解题。根据最后一个节日Bridges Festival(桥梁节日)中“Puppetry(木偶戏)and the animation of inanimate objects are some of the oldest art forms known to humans. ”(木偶戏和无生命物体的动画是人类已知的一些最古老的艺术形式)以及“Contact: Aimee Poulin, Email: info@cranecreations.ca, Phone: 5149268781”(联系人:Aimee Poulin, Email: info@cranecreations.ca，电话:5149268781)可知，如果你想看木偶戏，应该联系Aimee Poulin。故选C。

21-23-3【巩固】

How to see London like a pro

We’ve explored London thoroughly and come away with quite a few lessons. Here are our tips.

Visiting Buckingham Palace

Being London’s most iconic landmark, this grand 775-room building is where Queen Elizabeth hosts feasts and meets heads of state. But if you’re dreaming of taking a visit to it, you’ll need to plan your trip carefully. The palace is typically only open during the summer months from July 23rd to October 3rd. Visiting hours are from 9:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m. If you’re visiting when the palace isn’t available to tour, you can still see the Changing of the Guard.

Hitting the London Eye

The London Eye is a playful addition to the city skyline. Standing near centuries-old architecture, this enormous Ferris wheel goes round slowly over the left bank of the Thames, serving up views over the London Bridge and the Shard to the west, plus a wide perspective of the Palace of Westminster. Buy your tickets in advance online, choose a clear day and go first thing in the morning to avoid crowds peak.

Drinking afternoon tea

Afternoon tea—a sacred, buttery ritual (仪式)—is reason enough to come to London. The British have taken a simple tea break and turned it into a luxurious ceremony, complete with patterned china, layered plates of finger sandwiches and scones in cream and jam. And we haven’t mentioned the cakes, which are often brought around on a wheeled cart. When making a reservation, remember that afternoon tea isn’t a snack but a full meal with sweet and salty elements, and you’ll be stuffed. The smart move is to skip lunch and maybe even dinner.

21. Which is a proper time to visit Buckingham Palace?

A. July 18, 10:00 a.m. B. Aug. 23, 8:30 a.m.

C. Sep. 27, 3:00 p.m. D. Oct. 2, 7:30 p.m.

22. The attraction of the London Eye lies in the fact that ______.

A. it provides a good view of some places of interest

B. it makes London’s skyline seem more harmonious

C. it spins quickly over the left bank of the Thames

D. it is more historic compared to the nearby buildings

23. What do we know about British afternoon tea?

A. It is a short break with light snacks.

B. It is a full meal with various tasty foods.

C. It combines sour and sweet flavours well.

D. It is complete with delicate silver dishware.

21-23 CAB

【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章通过讲述对伦敦彻底的探索，收获的经验，提出了到伦敦游玩时一些好的建议。

21. C。细节理解题。根据第二段“The palace is typically only open during the summer months from July 23rd to October 3rd. Visiting hours are from 9:30 a.m. to 6:30 p.m.(宫殿通常只在夏季的7月23日至10月3日开放。开放时间为上午九时三十分至下午六时三十分。)”可知Buckingham Palace的开放时间，结合选项可知，只有C项“9月27号，下午三点”是参观Buckingham Palace的合适时间。故选C。

22. A。细节理解题。根据第三段“Standing near centuries-old architecture, this enormous Ferris wheel goes round slowly over the left bank of the Thames, serving up views over the London Bridge and the Shard to the west, plus a wide perspective of the Palace of Westminster.(这座巨大的摩天轮伫立在有着几百年历史的建筑附近，在泰晤士河左岸缓缓旋转，俯瞰着伦敦桥和西面的碎片大厦，以及威斯敏斯特宫的广阔视野。)”可知，在伦敦眼可以看到很多风景名胜，由此可见伦敦眼的吸引力在于它提供了一些名胜古迹的良好视野。故选A。

23. B。细节理解题。根据最后一段“When making a reservation, remember that afternoon tea isn’t a snack but a full meal with sweet and salty elements, and you’ll be stuffed.(在预订的时候，要记住下午茶不是零食，而是一顿含有甜味和咸味的正餐，这样你就会吃得很饱。)”可知，英式下午茶是一顿有各种美味食物的大餐。故选B。

21-23-4【巩固】

How cool can libraries be in an era of iPods and Kindles? More than you think. Only if you know where to go.

Central Library: Seattle, Washington, United States

The Central Library in Seattle is sleek, modern and sophisticated and has tourists from around the world. The library was voted onto the American Institute of Architects 150 favorite structures in the United States. The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events throughout the year, while visitors can stop by the Chocolati cart for a coffee and browse through the gift shop anytime.

Trinity College Library: Dublin, Ireland

The Trinity College Library in Dublin is the oldest library in Ireland, founded in 1592 by Queen Elizabeth I. Not only is the exterior impressive, it boasts the largest single chamber library in the world, also known as the Long Room, which contains more than 200, 000 of the library's oldest books. The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps in Ireland. Dating to the 15th century, the oak harp is the model for the emblem of Ireland.

TU Delft Library: The Netherlands

The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum. The building itself exists beneath the ground, so you can't really see the actual library. The roof is a grassy hill. A huge cone pierces the grass roof, which symbolizes technology. The roof covers 5,500 square meters. It has become one of the most striking and greenest structures in the area.

Bibliotheca Alexandrina: Alexandria, Egypt

The Bibliotheca Alexandrina is the revival of the ancient Royal Library of Alexandria, the largest and most influential library in the Greek world. The new library was reborn in 2002 on the shore of the Mediterranean Sea after 10 years of designing, planning and construction. In this library, there are four museums covering antiquities, manuscripts and science, and also 15 permanent exhibitions, including “Impressions of Alexandria”, “Arabic Calligraphy” and “The History of Printing”.

21. What can visitors do in the Central Library?

A. Holding exhibitions. B. Exchanging books.

C. Sampling local cuisine. D. Buying souvenirs.

22. In which library can you find an ancient musical instrument?

A. Central Library. B. Trinity College Library.

C. TU Delft Library. D. Bibliotheca Alexandrina.

23. What do the two libraries, TU Delft Library and Bibliotheca Alexandrina, have in common?

A. They house their own museum. B. They are buried underground.

C. They belong to famous universities. D. They are based on their ancient versions.

21-23 DBA

【解题导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四座图书馆的情况。

21. D。细节理解题。根据Central Library部分中“The library holds various art exhibitions, book signings and other events throughout the year, while visitors can stop by the Chocolati cart for a coffee and browse through the gift shop anytime.(图书馆全年举办各种艺术展览、签售会和其他活动，而游客可以在巧克力车停下来喝杯咖啡，浏览礼品店)”可知，游客在中央图书馆可以购买纪念品。故选D。

22. B。细节理解题。根据Trinity College Library部分中“The Long Room houses one of the oldest harps in Ireland. Dating to the 15th century, the oak harp is the model for the emblem of Ireland. (长屋存放着爱尔兰最古老的竖琴之一。追溯到15世纪，橡木竖琴是爱尔兰象征的模型)”可知，在Trinity College Library能找到一件古代乐器。故选B。

23. A。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The library at the Delft University of Technology was constructed in 1997 and has more than 862,000 books, 16,000 magazine subscriptions and its own museum.(代尔夫特理工大学的图书馆建于1997年，拥有超过86.2万本书，1.6万份杂志订阅，还有自己的博物馆)”以及最后一段“In this library, there are four museums covering antiquities, manuscripts and science, and also 15 permanent exhibitions, including “Impressions of Alexandria”, “Arabic Calligraphy” and “The History of Printing”.(在这个图书馆里，有四个博物馆，涵盖古物、手稿和科学，还有15个常设展览，包括“亚历山大印象”、“阿拉伯书法”和“印刷史”)”可知，代尔夫特大学图书馆和亚历山大图书馆的共同之处是他们有自己的博物馆。故选A。

21-23-5【提升】

The United Kingdom is well known for its nightlife, but these cities offer the best time if you are up for a little partying.

Swansea

The best thing about this city is that most of the highly-recommended bars are located on the coast. The bar-area in Swansea stretches for more than one mile. Amazing fact, and trust us, you can find a bar that suits you right here. If you are not ready to leave the urban area, that’s all right but trust us, you don’t want to miss the famed Mumbles Mile.

Manchester

The city is filled with youth, and you can follow any stream of the youngsters in the city to one of the best bars to spend the night. Manchester has a massive music history and as such, it is the ideal place to seek the best parties that last till morning in this capital of the industry. Do not miss their famous pubs, the most famous of which are The Waldorf and Sinclair’s Oyster Bar.

Stoke

This brilliant place has long been known as a football fortress. The best spots are located at the famed town center called Newcastle-under-Lyme. If you are more of a bar and club type of person, then head straight to Thirsty Giraffe and Revolution, or simply spend the night in The Sugarmill.

Sheffield

This city is the home of two football clubs, Wednesday and United, but we’re not talking about them. But, trust us when we tell you their fans know how to party. It is not so hard to do it in Sheffield as the city is filled with clubs, pubs, bars, and restaurants. Regardless of your age, this city has plenty to offer in every department for everyone’s pocket.

21. What do we know about Swansea?

A. All the bars lie on the coast. B. All-night parties can be held.

C. It offers the best bar services. D. Mumbles Mile lies in the city.

22. Which place will you go to if you are a music lover?

A. Swansea. B. Manchester. C. Stoke. D. Sheffield.

23. What do Stoke and Sheffield have in common?

A. They are coast cities. B. They are filled with youth.

C. They are known for football. D. They offer fancy restaurants.

21-23 DBC

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国一些拥有美好夜生活的城市。

21. D。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“If you are not ready to leave the urban area, that’s all right but trust us, you don’t want to miss the famed Mumbles Mile.(如果你还没有准备好离开市区，那也没关系，但请相信我们，你不会想错过著名的Mumbles Mile。)”可知，Mumbles Mile位于市区。故选D。

22. B。细节理解题。根据第三段“Manchester has a massive music history and as such, it is the ideal place to seek the best parties that last till morning in this capital of the industry.(曼彻斯特拥有悠久的音乐历史，因此，在这个音乐之都，它是寻找最好的派对的理想之地，派对持续到早上。)”可知，在曼彻斯特你可以享受到音乐之美。故选B。

23. C。细节理解题。根据第四段的“This brilliant place has long been known as a football fortress.(这个辉煌的地方一直被称为足球堡垒。)”以及第五段的“This city is the home of two football clubs, Wednesday and United, but we’re not talking about them. (这座城市有两家足球俱乐部，周三和曼联，但我们不会谈论他们。)”可知，这两所城市的共同点就是它们以足球出名。故选C。

教育部教育考试院：2022年高考英语全国卷试题评析（摘要）

2022年高考英语落实立德树人根本任务，依据高校人才选拔要求和普通高中英语课程标准，坚持“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的原则，结合中学英语教学和复习备考实际，深化基础性，考查关键能力，进一步加强对学生德智体美劳全面发展的引导，加强教考衔接，服务“双减”工作，发挥高考的育人功能和积极导向作用。

1.3 时代发展，引导培养核心素养

英语科试卷通过选择具有时代特征的语篇，倡导学生养成独立思考的学习习惯，培育乐于探究的科学精神，构建友好互助的人际关系。

英语科试卷通过选取禁止开车使用手机、悉尼新旧文化冲突、新媒体对家庭教育和生活的影响、英国征收糖税的起因及效果等具有探讨性和思辨性的材料，引导学生形成独立思考的习惯，培养主动发现问题和解决问题的能力；通过选取高科技无人机在铁路交通中的应用、鹦鹉识别物体形状的实验、人类语言发展的研究及与捉迷藏相关的儿童心理发展实验等语篇，激发学生对科学实验与研究的兴趣；通过选取关爱养老院老人的研究项目、勇救坠楼儿童、修复父子亲情关系等语篇，倡导友好互助、彼此关爱的和谐人际关系。

文章出处

B篇带有典型的BBC探索神秘大自然的风格，文章就是来自BBC Earth发表于2018年的一篇杂志文章。

【原卷24-27题】 知识点 说明文 动物物种类 动物科普类 标题概括题

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

Goffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. In a recent experiment, cockatoos were presented with a box with a nut inside it. The clear front of the box had a “keyhole” in a geometric shape, and the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting the correct “key” would let out the nut.

In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age, but it will be another year before they are able to do the same with less symmetrical (对称的) shapes. This ability to recognize that a shape will need to be turned in a specific direction before it will fit is called an “allocentric frame of reference”. In the experiment, Goffin’s cockatoos were able to select the right tool for the job, in most cases, by visual recognition alone. Where trial-and-error was used, the cockatoos did better than monkeys in similar tests. This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space, similar to two-year-old babies.

The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues (线索), or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections.

24. How did the cockatoos get the nut from the box in the experiment?

A. By following instructions. B. By using a tool.

C. By turning the box around. D. By removing the lid.

25. Which task can human one-year-olds most likely complete according to the text?

A. Using a key to unlock a door. B. Telling parrots from other birds.

C. Putting a ball into a round hole. D. Grouping toys of different shapes.

26. What does the follow-up test aim to find out about the cockatoos?

A. How far they are able to see. B. How they track moving objects.

C. Whether they are smarter than monkeys. D. Whether they use a sense of touch in the test.

27. Which can be a suitable title for the text?

A. Cockatoos: Quick Error Checkers B. Cockatoos: Independent Learners

C. Cockatoos: Clever Signal-Readers D. Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters

24-27 BCDD

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。

24. B。细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Though not known to use tools in the wild, the birds have proved skilful at tool use while kept in the cage. (虽然人们不知道这些鸟在野外会使用工具，但事实证明，它们在关在笼子里时就能熟练地使用工具)”以及“the birds were given five differently shaped “keys” to choose from. Inserting, the correct “keys” would let out the nut. (研究人员给了这些鸟5把形状各异的“钥匙”供它们选择。插入，正确的“钥匙”会让坚果出来)”可知，在实验中，凤头鹦鹉是通过使用工具从盒子里取出坚果的。故选B。

25. C。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“In humans, babies can put a round shape in a round hole from around one year of age (在人类身上，婴儿从一岁左右就可以把一个圆形的物品放进一个圆形的洞里)”结合选项，可知，一岁儿童最有可能完成“将一个球放进一个圆形的洞里”的任务。故选C。

26. D。推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“The next step, according to the researchers, is to try and work out whether the cockatoos rely entirely on visual clues, or also use a sense of touch in making their shape selections. (根据研究人员的说法，下一步是尝试弄清楚凤头鹦鹉是完全依靠视觉线索，还是也使用触觉来选择它们的形状)”可推知，后续测试的目的是了解凤头鹦鹉在测试中是否使用触觉。故选D。

27. D。主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合文章第一段“Coffin’s cockatoos, a kind of small parrot native to Australasia, have been shown to have similar shape-recognition abilities to a human two-year-old. (科芬的凤头鹦鹉是一种原产于大洋洲的小鹦鹉，它的形状识别能力与两岁的人类相似)”可推知，本文主要介绍了会识别形状的凤头鹦鹉。D项“Cockatoos: Skilful Shape-Sorters (凤头鹦鹉：识别形状的熟练工)”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选D。

说明文八大常见命题点

一、段首、段尾处常考

无论是议论文还是说明文，一篇文章往往分成几个部分或层次进行说明和论证，每个段落一般都是一个部分或者一个层次。英美作者写文章的逻辑性非常强，文章结构都非常规范，因此每个段落的首句和尾句也经常是该段落的主旨句，也是出题的重点区域。

二、句意转折处常考

文章的转折处也是体现作者观点和文章主题的地方，作者经常会通过先抑后扬的方法在转折词之后才明确提出自己的观点。转折词前后的意思一般来说都是相反的，而作者会偏重其中的某一方。因此，在阅读过程中看到转折词，考生最好能作上标记以方便做题时查找。一些明显的转折词包括but, yet(句首), however, though, on the contrary, by contrast , instead, still (句首),as a matter of fact, in fact等。

三、对比、比较处常考

另外，作者也经常把两个事物、两件事实、两种观点进行对比，从而论证自己观点的正确性。表示对比的一些标志性词语有unlike, by contrast, in comparison, becompared with等。命题者常对对比的双方属性进行考查。比如文章中说“甲具有X属性，但乙与甲不同，那乙有何属性？”答：非X属性。此类考点常出现在逻辑推理型题中，少数出现于其他考点中。

四、因果关系处常考

因果逻辑关系也很受高考英语命题者的青睐，因为因果关系阐述了两个事件或者事实之间的内在联系，是作者进行分析或者得出结论的地方。出题者为了考查考生的阅读能力和逻辑分析能力，经常会将因果颠倒，考生需要注意辨别实际的因果关系，防止受到迷惑。表示因果关系的词语有：because, as , for, since, because of, due to, as a result of, result from, thanks to, so, thus, therefore, consequently, in consequence, as a result, result in, cause, lead to, contribute ...to等。有时候文章中虽然没有出现表示因果关系的标志性词语，但是在逻辑上也存在着因果关系，这个时候考生就需要自己进行判断和推理。

五、举例说明处常考

一般的议论文和说明文都需要一些例子来支持作者的论证和说明，这些例子往往与作者的论述和说明有很大的关联，考纲中明确提出考生需要掌握区分论点与论据的能力，因此这也成了考题出处的热点。这种题目在文章中的线索非常明显，一般都带有如下的标志性词汇：for example, for instance, take ...as an example, such as, like等。考生要牢记一般文章举例处的前后句就是与该例子相关的作者论点，所以在做此类题目的时候就需要追本溯源，寻找论点，才能保证所选答案的正确性。

六、特殊标点处常考

英文中主要使用逗号和句号，文中一旦出现一些特殊的标点符号，通常都会表达作者的特殊意图，因此特殊的标点符号处也经常成为出题的对象，因此考生应该对以下标点符号的用法较为熟悉：

七、结论建议处常考

一般情况下出现the research indicates, the report suggests等类似的结论建议性表达方式时，表明此处为文中提及的实验和研究的结果或作者要阐明论证的结果。出题者通常不会考查实验和研究的过程，而将注意力放在结论和结果上，因此阅读过程中要格外注意这些表达的出现。

八、观点态度处常考

文章中作者对于某人或某事物的观点或态度，以及文章中涉及的其他人或组织机构的观点或态度也常受出题人的青睐。解题时要留意文章中出现表达观点态度的词语的地方，以及一些带有感情色彩的特殊句式(祈使句、感叹句、反问句等)。

说明文变式训练

24-27-1【基础】

Along the river banks of the Amazon and the Orinoco there lives a bird that swims before it can fly, flies like a fat chicken, eats green leaves, has the stomach of a cow and has claws （爪）on its wings when young. They build their homes about 4.6 m above the river, an important feature（特征）for the safety of the young. It is called the hoatzin.

In appearance, the birds of both sexes look very much alike with brown on the back and cream and red on the underside. The head is small, with a large set of feathers on the top, bright red eyes, and blue skin. Its nearest relatives are the common birds, cuckoos. Its most striking feature, though is only found in the young.

Baby hoatzins have a claw on the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of each wing tip. Using these four claws, together with the beak (喙), they can climb about in the bushes, looking very much like primitive birds must have done. When the young hoatzins have learned to fly, they lost their claws.

the drier months between December and March hoatzins fly about the forest in groups of 20:00, but in April, when the rainy season begins, they collect together in smaller living units of two seven birds for producing purposes.

24. What is the test mainly about?

A. Hoatzins in dry and rainy seasons.

B. The relatives and enemies of hoatzins.

C. Primitive birds and hoatzins of the Amazon.

D. The appearance and living habits of hoatzins.

25. Yong hoatzins are different from their parents in that_____.

A. they look like young cuckoos.

B. they have claws on the wings

C. they eat a lot like a cow

D. they live on river banks

26. What can we infer about primitive birds from the text?

A. They had claws to help them climb.

B. They could fly long distances

C. They had four wings like hoatzins.

D. They had a head with long feathers on the top.

27. Why do hoatzins collect together in smaller groups when the rainy season comes?

A. To find more food.

B. To protect themselves better.

C. To keep themselves warm.

D. To produce their young.

24-27 DBAD

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生活在亚马孙河和奥里诺科河河岸的一种鸟一麝雄。

24. D。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了麝雄的外表和生活习性，故选D项。

25. B。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Baby hoatzins have a clawon the leading edge of each wing and another at the end of eachwing tip.”以及“When the young hoatzins have learned to fly，they lose their claws.”可知，麝雉幼雏的翅膀上长有爪子，当它们学会飞行后爪子就会脱落。也就是说，翅膀上长有爪子是幼雏与其父母的区别。

26. A。细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Using these four claws，together with the beak，they can climb about in the bushes.，”可知，它们的四个爪子可以帮助它们爬行。

4. D。细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“.but in April，when the rainy season begins，they collect together in smaller living units of two to seven birds for producing purposes..”可知，雨季开始时，它们组成小一些的群体以繁殖后代，故选D项。

24-27-2【基础】

When "Rise of the Planet of the Apes" was first shown to the public last month, a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard. But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars. Instead, one activist, dressed in a full-body monkey suit, had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers: "Thanks for not using real apes (猿)!"

The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). In this case, one of a realistic-looking ape.

Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.

In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.

24. Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard?

A. To see famous film stars. B. To oppose wearing fur coats.

C. To raise money for animal protection. D. To express thanks to some filmmakers.

25. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?

A. The cost of making "Apes." B. The creation of digitalized apes.

C. The publicity about “Apes." D. The performance of real apes.

26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?

A. Listing completely. B. Directing professionally.

C. Promoting successfully. D. Watching carefully.

27. What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors?

A. They may be badly treated. B. They should take further training.

C. They could be traded illegally. D. They would lose popularity.

【解题导语】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影“猩球崛起”上个月首次与公众见面。动物爱好者聚集在好莱坞前，感谢电影制作者，在电影拍摄时，没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术，而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐地动物的现象，这让一个非盈利的组织密切此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。

24. D。细节理解题。根据第一段“Instead, one activist ,dressed in a full -body monkey suit ,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes”可知，相反，一名身穿全套猴服的活动人士来到现场，手里拿着一块牌子，称赞电影制作人:“感谢你们不用真正的猿猴。所以动物保护者聚集在好莱坞大道是为了向电影制作者表示感谢。

25. B。主旨大意题。根据第二段“The creative team behind "Apes" used motion-capture (动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals, spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that I records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image (图像). ”可知，“人猿”背后的创作团队利用动作捕捉技术创造数字化的动物，在记录演员表演的技术上，花费数千万美元，然后用电脑图形处理，以产生最终的影像。由此可知，第二段主要是关于数字化人猿的创造。

26. D。词句猜测题。根据第三段划线前的句子“One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment”以及下文Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.由此可知，其中一家监控动物待遇的非营利组织，今年正密切着2000多部影片。由此判断出，划线词的意思是“密切”。

27. A。推理判断题。根据最后一段In some cases, it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried; it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns. And there are questions about the films made outside the States, which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the Sates.”可知，在某些情况下，让活动人士担心的并不是工作室里动物的待遇;令人担忧的是训练和生活条件。由此判断出动物演员可能受到虐待。

24-27-3【巩固】

A Duke University-led study finds that bottlenose dolphins burn calories at a lower rate as they get older, just like humans do. It’s the first time that scientists have measured an age-related metabolic(新陈代谢的) slowdown in another large-bodied species besides humans, said the first author Rebecca Rimbach.

Rimbach has studied energy consumption in animals ranging from mice to monkeys. But data on the inner workings of sea animals such as dolphins and whales have been scant, she says. “That’s because these ocean animals are difficult to catch for repeated measurement. It can be very tricky to get the animal back when you need it,” Rimbach said.

The researchers studied 10 bottlenose dolphins aged 10 to 45 living at two sea animal centers. To measure their average daily metabolic rates, the researchers used the “doubly labeled water method”. It involved getting the dolphins to drink a few pounds of water with “heavy” forms of hydrogen and oxygen put in, and then following how long they took to force them out. Carers collected the dolphins blood and analyzed the levels of heavy hydrogen and oxygen atoms(原子) in it. Thus, the team was able to count how much carbon dioxide (CO2) the dolphins produced each day, and then how many calories they were burning as they went about their lives.

The scientists found the oldest dolphins in the study, both in their 40s, used 22% to 49% fewer calories each day than expected for their body weight. And similar to humans, more of those calories ended up as fat rather than muscle. Dolphins in their 40s had body fat percentages that were 2.5 times higher than the under-20 dolphins’. It wasn’t for lack of exercise and it wasn’t because they’re eating too much, Rimbach said. It was related to metabolic aging.

The researchers said such work could uncover factors besides diet and lifestyle that caused age-related weight gain in people. “Further studies into this commonality we share with dolphins may help us understand why our metabolism slows as we age,” said co-author Hannah Salomons.

24. What does the underlined word “scant” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Detailed. B. Strange. C. Rare. D. Different.

25. Why did the carers collect dolphins’ blood during the research?

A. To better know about their oxygen demand. B. To figure out the amount of burnt calories.

C. To analyze the main content of the blood. D. To check the health condition of dolphins.

26. What is the reason for the elderly dolphins’ higher percentages of body fat?

A. Their unhealthy lifestyles. B. Their shortage of exercise.

C. Their weakened metabolism. D. Their preference for fat food.

27. What can we conclude according to the text?

A. Burning calories needs more fat as dolphins age.

B. Exercise can speed up some animals’ metabolism.

C. Dolphins’ meal timing may influence weight loss.

D. Dolphins metabolism tends to slow down with age.

24-27 CBCD

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，随着年龄的增长，宽鼻海豚的新陈代谢速度会降低。

24．词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“That’s because ocean animals are difficult to catch for repeated measurement. It can be very tricky to get the animal back when you need it.（这是因为很难捕捉海洋动物进行重复测量。当你需要它的时候，把它弄回来是很棘手的。）”可知，因为海洋生物很难反复捕捉测量数据，所以关于海洋生物的研究很少，故scant意为“稀少的”，与C项rare为近义词。故选C项。

25.推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句“Carers collected the dolphins’ blood and analyzed the levels of heavy hydrogen and oxygen atoms in it. Thus, the team was able to count how much carbon dioxide the dolphins produced each day, and then how many calories they were burning...（护理人员收集了海豚的血液，并分析了其中重氢原子和氧原子的水平。因此，研究小组能够计算出海豚每天产生多少二氧化碳，然后计算出它们在生活中燃烧了多少卡路里。）”可知，收集海豚的血液是为了计算卡路里的消耗量（To figure out the amount of burnt calories.）。故选B项。

26.推理判断题。根据第四段倒数第三句“Dolphins in their 40s had body fat percentages that were 2.5 times higher than the under-20 dolphins’.（40多岁的海豚的体脂率比20岁以下的海豚高2.5倍。）”和最后一句“ It was related to metabolic aging.（它与代谢老化有关。）”可知，成年海豚的体脂高是因为他们的新陈代谢减弱（Their weakened metabolism.）。故选C项。

27.推理判断题。根据本文最后一句“Further studies into this commonality we share with dolphins may help us understand why our metabolism slows as we age（对我们与海豚的这一共性的进一步研究可能有助于我们理解为什么我们的新陈代谢会随着年龄的增长而放缓）”结合全文可知，本文主要讲宽鼻海豚随着年龄的增长新陈代谢的速度会降低（Dolphins metabolism tends to slow down with age.）。故选D项。

24-27-4【巩固】

Few animals appear more affectionate than the black-browed albatross (信天翁). These large seabirds are socially monogamous (一夫一妻制的) and often mate for life, staying with the same partner with trust. But “divorce” is not unheard of. As is the case with other monogamous animals, a female albatross will leave a partnership that lacks breeding (繁殖) success.

Although “divorce” is natural among these birds, Ventura recently began noticing that its rates seemed to vary from year to year for the roughly 15,500 pairs of black-browed albatrosses breeding on New Island. “There were clearly years in which more pairs split up, compared with the previous years,” says Ventura, whose team combed through about 15 years of breeding data.

To investigate, the group focused on two environmental variables (变数) vital to the albatross: wind speed and sea-surface temperature. Each affects the birds in different ways. Higher winds make it easier for them to soar for greater distances to gather food. Increasing sea-surface temperatures, on the other hand, limit the nutrients available tothe albatross bycurbing the production of phytoplankton (浮游植物), which hashugeeffects on the rest of the marine food web. As a result, albatrosses must travel farther and struggle more to find enough food.This throws breeding schedules intodisarrayand increases stress levels among partnerships — both factors that can decrease breeding success.

And digging deeper, the team found that in warmer years female albatrosses were more likely to leave their mate even after successful breeding attempts. “Previous successful females are theones that are most affected by this.” Ventura says. Ventura assumes that similar patterns may appear in other seabird populations and possibly among some monogamous mammals, highlighting a potentially overlooked consequence of climate change. “If you have a situation where increasing sea-surfacetemperatureisleading to higher divorce rates,whichreduces breeding success for thepopulationsas a whole,” she says. “Ultimately you’re sending fewer albatrosses out into the world, and that’s going to impact the population more widely.”

24. What can we know about the albatross?

A. They maintain a steady annual divorce rate.

B. Their relationship is dominated by the female.

C. They generally have strong loyalty to their mate.

D. Their breeding has decreased due to fading affection.

25. What was the team’s analysis based on?

A. Previous researches. B. Food varieties.

C. Environmental effects. D. Sex differences.

26. What does the underlined word “disarray” in paragraph 3 mean?

A. Disagreement. B. Chaos. C. Adaptation. D. Routine.

27. What does Ventura imply in the last paragraph?

A. Species of different seabirds are in danger of extinction.

B. Climate change influences more species other than albatrosses.

C. Breeding success guarantees a stable partnership of albatrosses.

D. Other seabirds and mammals affect the population of albatrosses

24-27 CCBB

【导语】这是一篇说明文，信天翁是一夫一妻制的物种，但近年“离婚”率日益增高，Ventura的团队通过调查发现，风速和海洋表面温度对此有重大影响，这是气候变化的一个潜在后果，不仅影响信天翁，也可能影响其他海鸟或一夫一妻制的哺乳动物。

24.细节理解题。根据第一段中“These large seabirds are socially monogamous (一夫一妻制的) and often mate for life, staying with the same partner with trust.(这些大型海鸟在社会上是一夫一妻制的，通常会终生交配，与信任的伴侣生活在一起)”可知，信天翁通常对伴侣很忠诚。故选C项。

25.细节理解题。根据第三段中“To investigate, the group focused on two environmental variables (变数) vital to the albatross: wind speed and sea-surface temperature.(为了进行调查，研究小组了对信天翁至关重要的两个环境变量：风速和海面温度)”可知，研究团队的分析是基于环境的影响。故选C项。

26.词句猜测题。划线词所在句主语This指代前一句“As a result, albatrosses must travel farther and struggle more to find enough food.(因此，信天翁必须长途跋涉，付出更多努力才能找到足够的食物)”，结合划线词后文“increases stress levels among partnerships — both factors that can decrease breeding success. (增加伴侣之间的压力水平——两个因素都会降低繁殖成功率)”可知，信天翁长途跋涉，付出更多努力寻找食物，会打乱繁殖计划，因而降低繁殖成功率，disarray意为“混乱”，与chaos同义。故选B项。

27.推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Ventura assumes that similar patterns may appear in other seabird populations and possibly among some monogamous mammals, highlighting a potentially overlooked consequence of climate change.( Ventura认为，类似的模式可能出现在其他海鸟种群中，也可能出现在一些一夫一妻制的哺乳动物中，这突出了气候变化的一个潜在的被忽视的后果)”可知，除了信天翁，气候变化还会影响更多物种。故选B项。

24-27-5【提升】

When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地).

In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.

About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.

24. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America?

A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.

C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.

25. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?

A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.

26. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934?

A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.

C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.

27. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text?

A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System

C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting

【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。美国为了保护“水禽”而颁布的一项政策，即狩猎者要购买相关的水禽类邮票。政府把售卖所得拨给保护这些水禽的基金。

24. A。细节理解题。根据该段中“Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”（数百万英亩的湿地被抽干，以养活不断增加的人口，供其居住，这大大减少了水禽的栖息地。）可知，造成北美水禽数量急剧减少的原因之一是它们栖息地的减少。

25. C。词义猜测题。文章前两句“When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely.”（当探险家们第一次踏上北美洲大陆时，天上和大地上有许多各种各样的野生动物。美洲土著人很聪明地保护了这些宝贵的自然资源。）下一句中的unfortunately表示转折意义，由此推断，画线单词所在句“Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources.”（不幸的是，仅仅几十年后，探险家和定居者就毁灭了大部分资源。）也就是说，画线单词decimate意思是“破坏；毁灭（destroy）”。首段最后两句“Millions of waterfowl were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.”进一步说明了“探险家和定居者对这里资源的破坏”。

26. D。推理判断题。由题干中的关键词“the Act passed in 1934”定位到文章第三段。根据该段中“About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System－a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat.”（每枚鸭子邮票上的98美分将直接投入候鸟保护基金，用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地，以便纳入国家野生动物保护系统一这一事实确保了这片土地将受到保护，并为子孙后代提供可用资源。自1934年以来，超过5亿美元流入该基金购买了超过500万英亩的栖息地。）可知，这项法案的通过使得政府筹集到了大量资金，用以保护水禽和它们的栖息地。

27. A。主旨大意题。本文主要讲述的是美国鸭票的故事（The Federal Duck Stamp Story），全文都是围绕着这个主旨展开的。首段介绍了美国鸭票发行的背景，第二段介绍了美国鸭票发行的经过，第三段讲述了美国鸭票发行带来的种种好处。最后一句“Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.”更是点明主题。由此可知，选项A最能概括全文主旨。

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