细节题
1.细节理解题的基本要求和特点
初中英语阅读理解最基本的要求是“能从一般性文章中获取和处理主要信息”。对这种“获取和处理主要信息”能力的考查，主要采用的方式就是细节判断。这类题在阅读理解题中占据半壁江山，做好这类题是确保基础分的关键。同时，弄清细节，正确获取信息，也是把握文章主旨的前提。因此，要特别重视做好这类题。
细节题就是指那些针对文章细节描写或与文章情节发展相关的事实所设置的问题。这类题主要测试考生获取信息及对文章所提供信息的理解能力。
2.设题方式
1) 此类题型多数以特殊疑问词设问，设问的检测点针对某一具体行为、地点、时间、原因、方式、数量等。细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 此类考查事实和细节的题目大多数是针对文章的细节设计的。
2) 常见的命题方式
1.Which of the following is NOT true according to the information in the passage?
2.Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?
3.What is the example of . . . as described in the passage?
4.The author mentions all of the following except . . .
5.The reason for . . .is . . .
6.The author states that . . .
7.According to the passage, when (where, why, how, who, etc. )...?
8.Which of the following is right?
9.Which of the following is not mentioned?
10.Choose the right order of this passage .
11.From this passage we know _______.
词义猜测题
1.词义猜测的基本要求和特点
所谓词义猜测是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇的信息、逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某一生词、难词、关键词甚至短语或句子的意义。词义猜测题在中考中一般考一至两道，要求学生在掌握一定的词汇量的基础上，能独立阅读部分生词，理解生词的含义。考察学生通过上下文提供的线索或生词本身的结构特点对词义作出正确判断的能力。
2.常见的命题方式
1. What does the word “_____”in ..... mean?
2. It can be inferred（推断，推论）/concluded（推断） (from the passage) that the word“_____”means _____.
3.The word ...implies （意味，暗示）that _____.
4. Which of the following is the closest meaning of the word?
5. what do you think of the expression _______ stands for?
6. The word “_____ ” in the passage probably means ________.
7. In this story the underlined word “ ” means _______.
例题
例1.根据释义猜测
The small-world theory says that everyone in the world is connected through a short chain (链条) of people they know. Another name of this chain is degrees of separation. Each degree is a step that separates a person from someone he or she does not know. There are zerodegrees of separationbetween a person and the people he or she knows directly. This means that there are zero degrees between Ben and his mom.
What is the meaning of “degrees of separation” in Paragraph 2?
A. The chain to connect people
B. The relations between people
C. The steps of knowing strangers
D. The separation between strangers
解析：根据another name of this chain is degrees of separation.可知这是一个chain,再根据后面的解释可知选项A正确。
例2. 根据同义词和反义词猜测
It not onlyspawnedover 104,000 active discussions, but also brought about care about what means a healthy body image.
The underlined word spawned in Paragraph 4 probably means _______.
A. led to
B. put out
C. talked about
D. looked into
解析：根据此句的结构not only... but also可知spawned与brought about同义，bring about意为“带来”，可推知A选项led to“导致”正确。
例3. 根据构词法猜测
Some students who steal essays (论文)wholesalefrom the Web, they said, are so lazy they don’t even bother to take the advertisements off the cut-and-pasted text.
The underlined word “wholesale” in the 2nd paragraph possibly means _____.
A. for sale in large quantities
B. completely copying others’ work
C. in unlimited amounts
D. in too large numbers from cutting and pasting
解析:wholesale中的whole意为“整个”，可以推知此句是完全剽窃的意思。因此选B。
主旨大意题
1.主旨大意类题目的特点
主旨是文章的核心，即文章的中心思想或主题。主旨题主要是考查考生能否分辨主题和细节、是否具备提纲挈领的能力，即是否能在理解全文的基础上运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法对文章进行高度概括和总结。这类题大约占总题量的30%。主旨题一般会放在第一个或者最后一个考。
这类题要求阅读时不但要看懂个别的句子，而且要能够根据作者思路的展开，把握作者在整片文章中的观点，因此必须看懂全篇文章的意思。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。
2.常见设题方式：
1. What is the main idea of this passage?
2.What does the passage mainly talk about?
3. The best title of this passage is …
4.In this passage the writer tries to tell us that ______.
3.解题技巧
（1）仔细阅读全文，判断发现主题句
文章的主题句有的文章有而有的却没有，这就需要学生认真地阅读文章，仔细判断（如果有，它经常出现在文章的开始和结尾处，但也不能排除出现在文章中间的可能）。另外，不要被表象所迷惑。有的文章列举一个或几个人们比较熟悉的事例或是用一些具体的事例来说明一个人们不熟悉或是抽象的内容，这时要看清的是文章的本质而不是表面现象。
（2）对文章进行分析、归纳和概括并得出正确结论
这种情况下大多文章中是找不到主题句的，要求学生在理解全文的基础上自己进行总结。对全文的概括要完整，不能以点带面，以偏概全。在具体的答题过程中学生会发现有个别选项是对的，但它对文章的概括不是很完整，这也不是我们所要的最佳答案。
另外，选择“最佳标题”的题目也是属于文章的主旨，但是标题不仅要能完整地概括全文，还要简洁明了，并能吸引读者，这也是学生在选择最佳标题时应把握的一条原则。
例题
例1. 开门见山式：主题句出现在文首。
If you plan to take your pet on a trip, prepare ahead of time. At least two weeks before you leave, take your pet to a vet. See if he or she is tit for travel and ask if he or she should have any medicine before leaving. The vet may suggest certain pills for sickness or for calming the pet.
The main idea of this passage is to _________.
A. warn people to leave their pets at home
B. give general information about pet travel
C. tell people how to choose their pet boxes
D. tell people about foreign pet laws
解析：根据文章首句If you plan to take your pet on a trip,prepare ahead of time.可知本题答案为B项。
例2. 藏头露尾式：主题句出现在文尾
……
The practical meaning of this survey result could be that doing one kind act would make you happier, and the happier you feel, the more likely you are to do another kind act. This might also be used by charitable (慈善的) organizations; reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy, and experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts.
What is the general topic of the passage?
A. Advice on how to be happy.
B. The importance of being generous.
C. Donating things makes people happy.
D. Being kind makes you happy.
解析：根据文章末句reminding honors of earlier donations could make them happy,and experiencing happiness might lead them to make more generous gifts.可知本题答案为D。
例3. 尾呼应式
在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题。值得注意的是，前后两个主题句不是简单的重复，再次出现的主题句往往是前面主题句的进一步引申或发展。
The number of rural(乡村的) left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to 61.02 million, according to a report. These children's parents leave them with their grandparents or other family members in order to make money in cities.
……
These children are the future of the nation.People should offer them their love, care and protection.
The best title of the passage is____________.
A. Serious facts about rural children
B. A choice of children or money
C. More care to rural left-behind children
D. A report on parents’ worry about rural left-behind children
解析：根据文章首句The number of rural（乡村的) left-behind children under 17 years old has increased to 61.02 million.和末句People should offer them their love,care and protection.可知本题答案为C项。
例4. 藏龙卧虎式
即主题句隐含在全文当中，没有明确的主题句。具体方法是：首先弄清楚各个段落讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，寻找共同点,然后加以归纳形成主题。
In the spring of 1926, Yan Qingbao, a 43-year-old farmer, discovered a circular piece of jade(玉) while digging a hole. Driven by curiosity, he dug deeper and found a group of about 400 colorful jade pieces.
At the time, he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other wonders of the world such as China's Great Wall and Egypt's pyramids.Since then more than 10000 relics, . ……
The main idea of the passage is___.
A. Shanxingdui was named the Scientific Education Base for China's Youth
B. Shanxingdui was once the political, economic and cultural center of the ancient Shu Kingdom
C. the importance of the discovery of Shanxingdui
D. it has helped modern historians realize that Shichuan's human history goes back more than 5000 years
解析：根据文章第二段第一句he had no idea that his discovery would be as important as other wonders of the world such as China's Great Wall and Egypt's pyramids.可知本题答案为C项。
推理判断类阅读
1.推理判断题的特点
推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。
这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。
2.推理判断题的解题思路
做推断题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。要求在通篇理解文章的基础上，以文章提供的事实为依据，将已表述的和隐含的信息结合起来进行思考、分析，透彻理解全文，以领会作者的真正意图，从而做出正确的推理和判断，切不可凭空想象，主观臆断。
3.推理判断题的常见设问方式
1. We can infer /conclude from the passage that ______.
2. It can be inferred /concluded (from the passage) that ________.
3. The author strongly suggests that_______________.
4. What do you think would happen (to…) at the end of the story?/ next?
5. We can infer from the text that _______.
6.From the story we can guess _____
7. Here “it” means________.
8. The underlined word “it” in the passage refers to _______.
9. The passage is probably from_______
例题
例1. 判断文章出处
Every living thing On Earth is either a plant or an animal, right? Wrong! Many organisms (有机体) in Our world are neither. ……
What are these? They are called fungi (菌类), and you see them almost every day. Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting, such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator. But other kinds are not so bad. For example, the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms (蘑菇) are both fungi.
Where can you most probably find this passage?
A. In a social report.
B. In a biology book.
C. In a geography magazine.
D. In a farming book.
解析：根据文章第一段第二句Many organisms(有机体) in our world are neither.可知本篇文章应该选自生物书，故本题答案选择B项。
例2. 与文章细节相关的推断
One user of the site, Joseph Meehan, 27, from Birmingham, said, “It’s a fun and exciting website. I visit every once in a while when I'm missing my friends or family. I think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad. It may even stop them from doing something stupid. You can also post your video to the website, and they add it to the series. It's very easy to share the love.”
According to the text, which of the following is TRUE?
A. Jeff Lam is working on a new project to collect more audio diaries.
B. Jeff Lam met a lot of difficulties during the time of creating the website.
C. Joseph Meehan has got help from the website and supports it.
D. Joseph Meehan has shared his own positive videos with strangers.
解析：根据文章第三行I think it could really be a help to people that are feeling down or sad可知本题答案为C项。
例3.指代推断：
I went on to have an amazing year studying in England, but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of my uncle's family. Yet when I think aboutthat terrible lossin 2008, I remember those strangers' hands. They were there when I needed them, and even now, they help me out of the sadness of that memory. I think of them as I ride the underground in Washington D. C. today, and I watch the citizens and tourists to offer hands at any time.
In the last paragraph, the underlined words "that terrible loss" probably mean _________.
A. I was crying when I took the underground in London
B. I left my uncle's family and haven't contacted them since then
C. I didn't say thank you to those who gave hands to me
D. I lost my good mood and felt sad when I left my uncle's family
解析：根据上文but that was the last time I saw or spoke to any of my uncle's family提示可知本题答案为先择B项。