考情分析
名词性从句主要要求考生掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；名词性从句和定语从句、状语从句的辨析等。未来对名词性从句的考查仍然不会单纯地考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境来考查考生的综合运用能力。
一、真题感悟
1.(2020年全国Ⅰ卷·69) Data about the moon’s composition, such as how______ice and other treasures it contains, could help China decide whether its plans for a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
答案：much
解析：考查宾语从句。句意：关于月亮构成的数据，比如它含有多少水和其他珍贵物质，可以帮助中国决定未来月球基地的计划是否实用。ice是不可数名词，应使用how much引导宾语从句，故填much。
2.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷·61) While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.
答案：that
解析：考查同位语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处句子结构完整，空格后为同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容，故填that。
3.(2012广东卷) The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ______ the boy would do.
答案：what
解析：考查宾语从句。此处引导宾语从句并在从句中作do的宾语，故填what。
4.(2016全国Ⅰ卷改错)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.
答案：that→where
解析：考查宾语从句。因介词后必须跟宾语，所以to的从句为宾语从句；由I live可知是住“的地方”，表示“……的地方”用where；close to where I live（离我住的地方不远的）是形容词短语作后置定语，修饰a restaurant。
5.(2015全国Ⅱ卷改错) He turned around and found where his parents were missing.
答案：where→that或删去where
解析：考查宾语从句。“他的父母亲不见了”，句子意思和句子结构都完整了，当句意和结构都完整时，用that引导宾语从句，故改where为that；另外，引导宾语从句的that一般可省略，故也可直接删除where。
二、真题再练
单句语法填空
1. ( 2018全国Ⅲ卷61)I’m not sure ______ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla (大猩猩) ... I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at the top of her lungs.
2. (2015全国Ⅱ卷70)…the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly ______ thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
3. (2014广东卷)After our plane landed, we went to the hotel. We had made our reservation six months earlier, but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake. …I didn’t understand ______ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
4. Cursing my misfortune, I was wondering where I was going to spend the night when I realized that the villagers were arguing as to ______ should have the honour of receiving me as a guest in their house.
5. In 1752, Benjamin Franklin tied a key to a kite and flew it in a storm in order to find out ______ lightening was a form of electricity.
【参考答案】
1. who或which考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，“我”不确定谁感到更害怕些，是“我”还是这只母猩猩。故填who或which。
2. how 考查宾语从句。句意：普韦布洛印第安人准确地知道土坯墙需要多厚才能保证大部分时间的昼凉夜暖循环。空格处位于介词out后，故引导宾语从句，并结合语境可知，此处应填how。
3. why 考查宾语从句。根据语境可知，“我”在6个月前预订了酒店，但酒店人员说有差错，所以“我”不明白为什么会发生这样的事。故填why。
4. who考查宾语从句。介词短语as to后必须跟宾语，其后的句子应为宾语从句；而“有幸接待我”的应是人，在宾语从句中作主语，故填who。
5. whether/if 考查宾语从句。空格处位于out后，故引导宾语从句，并根据语境可知，富兰克林想要弄清楚闪电是否是电的一种形式，故填whether/if。
