2017年上海高考英语真题：完形填空（1月）
Ever been just about to call someone when the phone rings and the person in question is on the other end? Or have you experienced a sudden feeling of unease or danger even though you’re in a(n)41 situation? If you don’t believe in it, you’ll put it down to42 and on overactive imagination. But some people believe it is43 that there is a sixth sense beyond smell, taste, touch, hearing and sight. Now, scientists are carrying out experiments not only to prove that it exists, but also to find out how you can44 it to your advantage.
Dean Radin, a researcher in California, has set up the Boundary Institute in Los Altos and is currently using its website torecruit（招募）4,000 people in 57 countries to find out if there are any45 instances of sixth sense or, as he calls it, “precognition”—the ability to predict outcomes. The results so far are46 . In a card test, where you have to47 which of the five cards on a computer screen will be turned over to reveal a picture, the top scorers hit the right card 48% of the time—the48 of this happening are 2,669 to 1.
49 , Radin’s most famous study involves participants looking at a variety of images that are designed to stimulate a specific responses. In the experiment, participants sit alone in a room in front of a computer, with devices attached to their bodies to measure changes in skin resistance and blood flow, which are measures of emotional arousal. Radin has found that one in six people has a rise in arouse before they see the road accident-type pictures, while remaining50 before the tree-type pictures.
But even if you do accept that a sixth sense exists, the question is, does it actually51 ? Radin says it does. “the future of our civilisation depends on52 that are being made now, whether it’s about how we farm our food, how we get rid of our waste or whether we allow chemicals to be included in everyday products. We don’t have answers to these important questions, yet what we decide on will53 our lives for decades or longer. Anything we can do to improve our ability to predict future events is well worth the54 ,” he says. “If it turns out that some people can genuinely forecast the future some of the time, as I believe the data shows, then55 this ability is as important as cutting-edge science.
41. A. unfamiliarB. toughC. harmlessD. ridiculous
42. A. coincidenceB. resistanceC. innovationD. distraction
43. A. mysteryB. evidenceC. falsehoodD. innocence
44. A. alterB. defineC. findD. use
45. A. historicalB. strangeC. mistakenD. true
46. A. extraordinaryB. inevitableC. alarmingD. disappointing
47. A. askB. guessC. recallD. learn
48. A. figuresB. methodsC. scoresD. chance
49. A. HoweverB. OtherwiseC. MeanwhileD. Consequently
50. A. activeB. calmC. silentD. alert
51. A. serve any purposeB. take any advantage
C. make any progressD. win any support
52. A. inquiriesB. decisionsC. donationsD. comparisons
53. A. ruinB. improveC. affectD. wait
54. A. expenseB. riskC. effortD. wait
55. A. provingB. challengingC. limitingD. understanding
41-55CABDD ABCCB ABCCD
2017年上海高考英语真题：完形填空（6月）
Famous people often say that the key to becoming both happy and successful is to“do what you love.”But mastering a skill, even one that you deeply love, __41___ a huge amount of dull work. Anyone who want to master a skill must run through the cycle of practice, __42___ feedback, modification, and increasing improvement again, again and again. Some people seem able to concentrate on practicing an activity like this for years and take pleasure in their gradual improvement. Yet others find this kind of focused, time-intensive work to be __43___ or boring.Why?
The difference may turn on the ability to enter into a state of“follow,”the felling of being completely __44___ in what you are doing. Whether you call it being“in the zone,”or something else, a flow state is a special experience. Since Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi developed the __45___ of flow in the 1970’s, it has been a mainstay of positive-psychology research. Flow states can happen in the course of any activity, and they are most common when a task has well-defined goals and is at a(n) __46___ skill level, and where the individual is able to __47___ their performance to clear and immediate feedback.
Csikszentmihalyi suggested that those who most __48___ entered into flow states had an“autotelic personality(自带目的性人格)”—a disposition to seek out challenges and get into a state of flow. While those without such a personality see difficulties, autotelic individuals see opportunities to build skills. Autotelic individuals are receptive and open to new challenges. They are also __49___ and have low levels of self-centeredness. Such people, with their capacity for“disinterested interest”have a great__50___over others in developing their innate abilities.
Fortunately for those of us who aren’t __51___ blessed with an autotelic personality, there is evidence that flow states can be __52___ by environmental factors. __53___, the learning framework prescribed by Montessori schools seems to encourage flow states.
While there isn’t (yet) a pill that can turn mundane practice into a thrilling activity for anyone, it is heartening that we seem, at least to some __54___, to be able to nudge ourselves toward flow states. By giving ourselves unstructured, open-ended time, minimal __55___, and a task set at a moderate level of difficulty, we may be able to love what we’re doing while we put in the hard work practicing the things we love doing.
41.A. inquiresB. requiresC. acquiresD. gains
42.A. preventableB. maintainableC. sustainableD. critical
43.A. frustratingB. encouragingC. concerningD. instructing
44.A. improvedB. indicatedC. involvedD. inspired
45.A. conceptB. receiptC. receptionD. condition
46.A. alternativeB. appropriateC. approximateD. sufficient
47.A. makeB. adoptC. adaptD. adjust
48.A. fullyB. reallyC. readilyD. accidentally
49.A. generousB. persistentC. courageousD. resistant
50.A. addictB. advanceC. advantageD. admire
51.A. necessarilyB. obviouslyC. graduallyD. occasionally
52.A. forbiddenB. functionedC. fastenedD. facilitated
53.A. In particularB. For example
C. In conclusionD. In comparison
54.A. intentionB. extentC. purposeD. intent
55.A. temptationB. charmingC. attractionsD. distractions
41-45 BDACA 46-50 BDCBC 51-55 ADBBD
2018年上海高考英语真题：完形填空（1月）
Humanshatemarkedly to give workers more than they deserve, and indeed many will settle for less to compensate work equitably. But is this impulse ___41___? Perhaps not, says psychological scientist Marie Sch?fer in Germany. According to Sch?fer, nobody has ever looked at how young children from different ___42___ think about merit when sharing rewards. There is reason to suspect that meritocracy may be more of a Western concept and value, so she and several colleagues decided to put this to the test, studying the ___43___of children, four to 11 years old, in three different cultures.
The idea was to test how much the children valued merit. So each child was given a number of sweets equal to the total number of fish in the catch, and was told to distribute the sweets any way he or she wanted — without adults in the room to influence them. If they valued merit, children should ___44___ the sweets according to shares of the catch. That is, if they had landed the same number of fish, they would choose to reward each one ___45___, but if one fared much better at fishing, rewards would also be disproportionate. In the case where they were simply given the fish, rewards should be unrelated to catch size — since no effort was involved.
___46___ matters. That’s the main finding among many from the study, as described in a forthcoming issue of the journalPsychological Science. The German children distributed the spoils of the day precisely in proportion to ___47___, even when this meant a very unbalanced distribution of rewards. By contrast, children from the two rural African societies barely took merit into consideration at all. These findings suggest that the basic notion of merit and distributive justice is far from universal in our species, and that ___48___ is culturally defined.
Butwhy?The scientists offer some ___49___ on this. It could be that in large-scale societies like Germany, a meritocracy is ___50___ for regulating transactions between people who don’t know each other and may not interact again. The focus is on equitable interactions, because things won’t be “evened out” in the future. In small scale societies,___51___,most exchanges take place between people who are ___52___ with one another. It may be more important in such societies to build long-term relationships based on equity — rather than to insist on equity in a singletransaction.In egalitarian forager societies, such as the Haillom, ___53___ is an important leveling mechanism, ___54___ asymmetries in wealth and increasing harmony. Children may internalize these social values early on, and apply them even when the fishing trip is ___55___.
41.A.unblocked | B.universal | C.uunconscious | D.unique |
42.A.cultures | B.cases | C.companies | D.aspects |
43.A.mood | B.behavior | C.emotion | D.habit |
44.A.collect | B.load | C. stess | D.distribute |
45.A.really | B.deliberately | C.equally | D.happily |
46.A.Scene | B. Object | C.Culture | D.Trend |
47.A.productivity | B.benefit | C.interest | D.survey |
48.A.tiredness | B.business | C. thickness | D.fairness |
49.A.feelings | B.thoughts | C.lives | D.emotions |
50.A.useful | B.major | C.small | D.important |
51.A. in a word | B.in addition | C.by contrast | D.what’s more |
52.A.familiar | B.delighted | C.satisfied | D. same |
53.A.cooperating | B.smiling | C. equaling | D.sharing |
54.A.forcing | B. judging | C.balancing | D.expericing |
55.A. creative | B.imaginary | C.innovative | D. logic |
41-55BABDCCADBD CADCB
2018年上海高考英语真题：完形填空（6月）
When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates.___41___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.
They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into___42___. The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U.S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous___43___in the past decade.The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.
To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the___44___have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics."People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring,' but they're___45___the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less___46___in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.
According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her___47___, exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the___48___effect, the study said.In the first ___49___, "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more___50___and fewer resources," said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen: Why Today's Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy - and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."
In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more___51___about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for "establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said.But America is shifting more toward the___52___model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. "Even in families whose parents didn't have a college educaation...families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully___53___has really sunk in."The___54___of "adult activities" could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the___55___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available.,If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.
41.A.Therefore | B. Rather | C.Moreover | D.Besides |
42.A. childhood | B. neighborhood | C.adolescents | D.adulthood |
43.A.escapes | B. ends | C.decreases | D.changes |
44.A.minorities | B.majorities | C.masses | D.amounts |
45.A.taking | B.avoiding | C.sending | D. missing |
46.A.interested | B.envied | C.relieved | D.realized |
47.A.emotions | B.surroundings | C.customs | D.habits |
48.A.wrong | B.same | C.opposite | D.similar |
49.A.event | B.issue | C.case | D. occasion |
50.A.trouble | B.questions | C.benefits | D.diseases |
51.A.deliberately | B.delicately | C.seriously | D.really |
52.A.slower | B.better | C.smaller | D.faster |
53.A.emphasized | B.related | C.organized | D.educated |
54.A.implement | B.postponement | C.achievement | D.payment |
55.A.cause | B.impact | C.fact | D.result |
参考答案为
41-45 rather adulthooddecreasesmajoritiesmissing
46-50interestedsurroundingsoppositecasediseases
51-55seriously slowereducatedpostponementcause
（语料来源：
http://www.chicagotribune.com/lifestyles/parenting/ct-teens-not-drinking-20170919-story.html
）
2019年上海高考英语真题：完形填空（1月）
More people are travelling than ever before, and lower barriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for___41___periods.
The rise of “city breaks” 48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their____42___spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona andVenicefor decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them.“Toomany people do the same thing at the exact same time,” says Font. “For___43___,the city no longer belongs tothem.”
This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek___44___outside of the city centre on its official website. “That takes some balls,really, to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they’re doing all they can [to easecongestion].”
But it also___45___a better way, it is called “detourism” :sustainable travel tips an___46___itineraries for exploring an authenticVenice,off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there eachyear.
A greater variety of___47___for prospective visitors ------ ideas for what to do in off-peakseasons,forexample,oroutsideofthecitycentercanhavetheeffectofdiverting
them from already saturated landmarks, or___48___short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays___49___the pressure, says Font. “If you go to Paris for two days, you’re going to go to the EiffelTower.If you go for two weeks, you’re not going to go to the EiffelTower14 times.”
Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the___50___,“We should be asking how we get tourists to___51___,not how to get them to come for the first time. If they ‘re coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior withours.”
Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they’ve come.“You’rethinking, ‘yeah but at what cost’.”
He points to unpublished data from the BarcelonaTouristBoard that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of 640 more per day than French tourist as a(n)___52___that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint.___53___tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and___54___to less crowded parts of the city all productive steps towards more___55___tourism, and more
peaceful relations with residents.
41. | A. longer | B. shorter | C. wider | D. clearer |
42. | A. environmental | B. national | C. economic | D. geographic |
43. | A. locals | B. tourists | C. visitors | D. cleaners |
44. | A. transports | B. accommodation | C. restaurants | D. service |
45. | A. addresses | B. paves | C. proposes | D. receives |
46. | A. separate | B. individual | C. alternative | D. objective |
47. | A. reform | B. guidance | C. invitation | D. support |
48. | A. convincing | B. discouraging | C. preventing | D. resisting |
49. | A. pace | B. escape | C. withstand | D. ease |
50. | A. culture | B. knowledge | C. entertainment | D. ability |
51. | A. take over | B. bring up | C. come back | D. lay off |
52. | A. distinction | B. harmony | C. association | D. comparison |
53. | A. French | B. Italian | C. Spanish | D. German |
54. | A. carry out | B. give into | C. spread out | D. impact on |
55. | A. slight | B. complex | C. temporary | D. sustainable |