收录于话题
#高中部#最新试卷
2023年新疆阿克苏地区新和实验中学高考英语一模试卷
A
阅读下列短文，从每小题后所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并将答案填写在答卷上。
The World Cup is an international football competition that takes place every four years.There are eight stadiums that are used for the 2022 Men's World Cup.Each reflects an aspect of life in Qatar.Here are five of them.
Al Bayt Stadium
It is named after the bayt al sha'ar—the traditional bedouin tents used by the nomadic people in Qatar and other Middle Eastern countries.The design honours both the past and the present of Qatar and hosts the opening match of the 2022 Men's World Cup.
Seating Capacity：60 thousand.
Khalifa International Stadium
It was built in 1976 and has undergone some updates and changes for the World Cup，as it is the oldest stadium in Qatar.It has a more modern shape and two arches that represent both progress and the welcoming fans from all over the world.
Seating Capacity：68 thousand.
Education City Stadium
It was built with Islamic architecture in mind.The exterior（外观）of the structure has the design of triangles which form jagged diamond patterns.These appear to change colour as the sun moves across the sky.
Seating Capacity：40 thousand.
Ahmed Bin Ali Stadium
It is made up of patterns that incorporate symbols of Qatari culture including the importance of family，the beauty of the desert as well as the local plants and animals.And it lies near the desert.
Seating Capacity：40 thousand.
Lusail Stadium Qatari
It was inspired by the lights and shadows created by the fanar lantern.The shapes on the exterior of the stadium are similar to the decoration found on bowls and art found across the Islamic world.Lusail stadium is also the largest sport landmark in Qatar.
Seating Capacity：80 thousand.
1. Where is the opening match of the 2022 Men's World Cup hosted？ ______
A. At Lusail Stadium.
B. At Al Bayt Stadium.
C. At Education City Stadium.
D. At Khalifa International Stadium.
2. What do Education City Stadium and Ahmed Bin Ali Stadium have in common？ ______
A. Their exterior structures look alike.
B. Their external colour is changeable.
C. They are located near the desert.
D. They have the same seating capacity.
3. What is special about Lusail Stadium？ ______
A. It is Qatar's largest stadium. B. It has two arches.
C. It looks like a lantern. D. It has the longest history.
B
On a Friday evening in December，two weeks before Christmas，I lost my job.I hadn't seen it coming.I was excited for the weekend，when my daughter，Kristil，then 12，and I planned to get our Christmas tree.Then I listened to my voicemail："We're sorry，but your work assignment has ended as of today."My heart sank.
I wasn't just a single parent；I was the only parent.My paycheck was survival.I did everything I could to give Kristil a good life，but there were some things my love couldn't fix.The next day as we searched for our tree，I struggled to be cheerful as I eyed the Christmas tree prices.Over the next week，I desperately applied for jobs as my bank account grew smaller.I felt as if the world was closing in on me.
Back at home，I glanced out of the window.It had been snowing on and off all morning.I noticed a petite woman with short white hair struggling to open her car door against the wind.As she got out，I realized it was my old professor，Sister Esther Heffernan.
After I graduated，Sister Esther kept in touch，meeting me for lunch every few months.I had grown to love her like family.I rushed to the front of my building."What are you doing out in this weather？"I asked as we hugged."Well，I tried to call last week but couldn't get through.Then I called your job and they said you weren't working there anymore，so I thought I would come by，"Sister Esther said.Just being in Sister Esther's presence gave me hope that things would be all right.As she got up to leave，she handed me a Christmas card."This is for you，"she said as she kissed me on the cheek.
When I opened her card，I gasped in shock.Hundred-dollar bills fell onto the table.Tears of gratitude puddled in my eyes as I counted.I silently thanked Sister Esther in my heart.
4. How did the author feel after listening to the voicemail？ ______
A. Excited. B. Grateful. C. Depressed. D. Doubtful.
5. What happened to the author the week after she lost her job？ ______
A. She became a single mom.
B. She was on a tight budget.
C. She bought a Christmas tree.
D. She succeeded in applying for a job.
6. What can be learned about Sister Esther？ ______
A. She was the author's sister.
B. She met the author by chance.
C. She provided the author with a job.
D. She came to the author's assistance.
7. Which of the following is the best title for the text？ ______
A. Kindness Warms Life B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. Misfortune Makes a Man Wise D. Take It or Leave It
C
After the war，Europeans decided to take more time off while Americans chose to keep their shoulders to the wheel for longer.A survey by Project Time Off found that the main reason why Americans are unwilling to take all their vacation is fear of being replaceable.Other factors are heavy workloads and lack of cover from fellow employees.One useful feature of public holidays is that workers worry less about being replaced if everyone else does the same.
Quitting holiday time does not always please the boss.A study by the Harvard Business Review in 2021 found that those who took 11 or more days off a year were almost twice as likely to get a raise or a bonus as those who took ten days off or fewer.Nor do extra working hours automatically lead to higher productivity.Another study by a club of mostly rich countries in 2019 found a negative correlation（负相关性）between GDP per hour and the number of hours worked across member countries.
The Institute for Employment Studies in Britain reviewed academic research on the subject and concluded that long hours working（more than 48 hours a week）was associated with various negative effects，such as decreased productivity，poor performance，health problems，and lower employee motivation.The danger is that long hours simply lead to wasted effort.Northcote Parkinson，a management theorist，wrote that" work expands to fill the time available".Every editor knows that many journalists only deliver their articles when the deadline is imminent（临近的）.Workers may be staring at their computers，but how many have disappeared in social networking？
The modern world is moving in a direction where routine tasks are automated，leaving the more creative processes to the humans.And humans are undoubtedly more creative when they are not feeling tired.
So enjoy the break，workers，and maybe take the next week off as well.
8. In which aspect do public holidays benefit workers？ ______
A. Salary. B. Workloads. C. Mental state. D. Peer relations.
9. What can be inferred about the two studies in Paragraph 2？ ______
A. They have contradictory results.
B. They focus on work hours and productivity.
C. They are carried out in the same time period.
D. They aim at improving workers' performance.
10. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 imply？ ______
A. The harder you work，the more time you will have.
B. The longer you work，the less productive you are.
C. The better you perform，the higher position you will get.
D. The longer you work，the heavier workload you will have.
11. What's the author's purpose of writing this text？ ______
A. To persuade Americans to work harder.
B. To improve workers' working efficiency.
C. To confirm the necessity of taking vacations.
D. To promote the study of Project Time Off.
D
City nightscapes can be beautiful but all those lights can also block out nature's best night show，the stars.Now，Pittsburgh，Pennsylvania is the first city in Eastern US to go dark and that will help put the stars in sight.
Pittsburgh's city council announced a Dark-Sky Ordinance（法令）in 2021 stating that it would become a dark sky city in 2022.That means that it will use lower wattage（瓦特）LED bulbs and add shades to direct the light downward when lighting roads，bridges，and other public spaces.This will help reduce light pollution in the city.
Too much light from cities affects people's sleep patterns and mental health，wildlife，and environment.That's because traditional lighting often just spills（溢出）up into the sky without focusing on roads and walkways.That's why the International Dark-Sky Association（IDA）came up with an approach to outdoor lighting called Values-Centered.This approach helps to meet lighting needs while reducing light pollution.Pittsburgh is the first city in the world to use IDA's Values-Centered lighting.
The ordinance which only affects public facilities will replace about 40，000 light bulbs with LEDs that will send out less blue light，the type of light that is harmful to animals，insects and plants.The ordinance will also replace those LED streetlights that were installed in the 2010s."About a decade ago，4，297 streetlights were replaced with 5，000-kelvin LEDs，"said Diane Turnshek，a dark sky expert at Carnegie Mellon University."These bright，blue-white lights turn night into day，and are a leading cause of the world's growing light pollution，so Pittsburgh will replace them with lower-temperature，amber-colored LEDs."
These lights are also more affordable to operate so it is a win-win for the city and the people who live there.But Pittsburgh is not the first US dark city.That honor belongs to Flagstaff，Arizona.But as more and more cities experiment with Lights Out periods during bird migrations（迁徙）—something Pittsburgh and Philadelphia took part in—this is an idea that can really take off.
12. Why does Pittsburgh carry out Dark-Sky Ordinance？ ______
A. To block out night show. B. To shade the street lights.
C. To decrease light pollution. D. To improve people's health.
13. What advantage do the new LEDs have？ ______
A. They are easier to install. B. They have brighter color.
C. They are more eco-friendly. D. They have higher temperature.
14. What can be inferred about the adoption of the Dark-Sky Ordinance？ ______
A. It is short-sighted. B. It should be successful.
C. It will upset citizens. D. It may limit migration.
15. What is the text？ ______
A. A product advertisement. B. An academic paper.
C. A book review. D. A news report.
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Whether you should eat before bed—defined as between dinner and bedtime—has become a hot topic in nutrition.It is generally believed that eating before bed could cause weight gain because your metabolism（新陈代谢） usually slows down when you fall asleep.（1） ______ .However，some health experts say that eating before bed is perfectly fine and may improve sleep or weight loss.（2） ______ .
The current evidence shows no certain physiological reason why eating before bed should cause weight gain.However，several studies show that people who eat before bed are more likely to gain weight.（3） ______ .It turns out that people who eat before bed are more likely to gain weight simply because a bedtime snack is an extra meal and，therefore，extra calories.
（ 4） ______ ，it can benefit others — it may actually control nighttime eating and aid weight loss.If you're someone who tends to eat a big portion of your calories after dinner，having a structured snack after dinner instead of continually eating can help to manage your appetite and may prevent overeating.
（ 5） ______ ，but you should try to avoid eating too much.Stick to minimally processed，nutrient-rich foods that may help you stay within your desired calorie limit for the day.
A.It is definitely bad to eat before bed
B.Overeating is surely harmful to you
C.Eating a snack before bed is fine for most people
D.The reason for this is much simpler than you might expect
E.While eating before bed may not be the best idea for some people
F.This could increase the chance that the calories will be stored as fat
G.So it's no surprise that many people are unsure of what the best option is
16. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Jack Richards loves to be around nature." Where I grew up，there were not a lot of（1） ______ outside，"said Jack Richards."Some people had them；some people didn't."
Jack discovered his （2） ______ for plants at the age of 10.Growing up，he（3） ______ great skills in growing plants and learned more about （4） ______ each and every day.
" As I got a little older，one block in my neighborhood would be（5） ______ with flowers and things in the yard，" he said."（6） ______ in another block there would be none."
Since then，Jack had wanted to（7） ______ his love of plants with the community.But the dream （8） ______ just a seed while he worked an ordinary day job.Sitting in the company he often（9） ______ he had to do something else.Jack then（10） ______ the seed.He started（11） ______ ，selling at a local outdoor market and then coming to shows and festival.
By December 2021，he had his（12） ______ " Foliage ".There，he sells common plants，（13） ______ plants，small plants，and large plants." The（14） ______ is to sell them to homeowners to（15） ______ their home and also to clean the air，"he said.
Jack's home is in a central gardening center in the city.He hopes his message will be able to（16） ______ other communities." Everyone should buy houseplants.Everyone should want（17） ______ air，"he said." And（18） ______ ，in the future when our children（19） ______ ，we can make it better."
Jack plans on（20） ______ to work hard to support not only his store，but his boys，four dogs，one cat and 128 plants at home.
21. A. communities B. companies C. jobs D. plants
22. A. gratitude B. responsibility C. love D. demand
23. A. used B. required C. lacked D. developed
24. A. nature B. people C. animals D. neighborhood
25. A. concerned B. filled C. born D. loaded
26. A. And B. But C. For D. So
27. A. connect B. compare C. share D. exchange
28. A. proved B. became C. remained D. grew
29. A. promised B. regretted C. worried D. thought
30. A. planted B. forgot C. tracked D. sold
31. A. big B. special C. quiet D. small
32. A. home B. store C. market D. garden
33. A. rare B. expensive C. familiar D. different
34. A. goal B. problem C. duty D. suggestion
35. A. build B. find C. make D. beautify
36. A. satisfy B. miss C. reach D. educate
37. A. cleaner B. cooler C. wetter D. dryer
38. A. in other words B. in that way C. by the way D. by all means
39. A. come back B. go away C. grow up D. move about
40. A. managing B. continuing C. choosing D. offering
41. Would you wear a T-shirt made out of coconuts？Or live in a house（1） ______ （make） from mushrooms？These are some of the ideas（2） ______ （limit） waste.They are on display in a new exhibition called Waste Age.
From fashion（3） ______ food，electronics to packaging，a lot of the things people buy（4） ______ （be）only used for a short period of time and then thrown away.This has created a worldwide problem of（5） ______ to deal with the waste we throw away and how to find more sustainable（可持续的）materials for products.The good news is there are intelligent，（6） ______ （create） and inventive minds working to solve the issue，and some of（7） ______ （they） ideas are now on display.
Among more than 300 objects on display are items by fashion designers that show new ways old materials can be used to create clothes.For example，Stella McCartney has created clothes using nylon from fishing nets and factory waste.There is also a part exploring how materials we can grow，such （8） ______ mushrooms and coconuts，can replace those we extract（提取） from Earth.These could then （9） ______ （turn） into building blocks and clothes.A large- scale art installation（装置） by Ibrahim Mahama is also on display.The impressive exhibit is made out of e-waste from Ghana.
The exhibition aims to inspire people to come up with new ways of（10） ______ （protect） the environment.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
42. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
（1）每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
（2）只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mr.Smith，
I am Li Hua，a exchange student from China.I'm writing to make a usefully suggestion that we should setting up a Chinese Calligraphy Club in our school.
As far as I know，many students in our school are very interesting in Chinese calligraphy.They want to have a club that they can study Chinese calligraphy and learned more about Chinese culture.So it is wise to start one.Beside，I also believe in this club will offer a great opportunity for students to make more friends.
I'd appreciate if you could take my advices into consideration.
Yours， Li Hua
43. 据2021年国家卫生健康委公布的数据显示，2020年我国儿童青少年的总体近视率为52.7%，高中生近视率高达80.5%。假设你是李华，请在世界爱眼日写一篇关于"爱眼护眼"的英文倡议书。
要点如下：
（1）简述我国青少年视力现状；
（2）指出爱护眼睛的意义；
（3）给出改善的具体措施。
注意：
（1）词数100左右；
（2）可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：世界爱眼日World Sight Day 国家卫生健康委the National Health Commission
答案和解析
1~3.【答案】B、D、A
【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据 AlBaytStadium中的Itisnamedafterthebaytalsha'ar—thetraditionalbedouintentsusedbythenomadicpeopleinQatarandotherMiddleEasterncountries.ThedesignhonoursboththepastandthepresentofQatarandhoststheopeningmatchofthe2022Men'sWorldCup.（它以bayt al sha'ar命名，bayt al sha'ar是卡塔尔和其他中东国家游牧民族使用的传统贝都因帐篷。该设计向卡塔尔的过去和现在致敬，卡塔尔将主办2022年男子世界杯的揭幕战。）可知2022年男子世界杯的揭幕战在阿尔贝特体育场举行。故选B。
（2）细节理解题。根据EducationCityStadium中的SeatingCapacity：40thousand.（座位：4万人）以及AhmedBinAliStadium中的SeatingCapacity：40thousand.（座位：4万人）可知EducationCityStadium与AhmedBinAliStadium的共同之处是它们的座位是一样的。故选D。
（3）细节理解题。根据LusailStadium部分中的LusailstadiumisalsothelargestsportlandmarkinQatar.（卢塞尔体育场也是卡塔尔最大的体育地标。）可知卢塞尔体育场的特别之处在于它是卡塔尔最大的体育场。故选A。
本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了2022年男足世界杯的几个场馆。
考查应用文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。
4~7.【答案】C、B、D、A
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第一段ThenIlistenedtomyvoicemail："We'resorry，butyourworkassignmenthasendedasoftoday."Myheartsank.（然后我听到了我的语音信箱："我们很抱歉，但你的工作任务从今天开始已经结束了。"我的心沉了下去。）可知作者听了语音邮件后感到沮丧。A.Excited.兴奋的；B.Grateful.感激的；C.Depressed.沮丧的；D.Doubtful.怀疑的。故选C。
（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段Over the next week，I desperately applied for jobs as my bank account grew smaller.I felt as if the world was closing in on me.（接下来的一周，随着我的银行账户越来越小，我拼命地申请工作。我觉得好像世界正在向我逼近。）可知她失业后的那个星期，她手头很紧。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段WhenIopenedhercard，Igaspedinshock.Hundred-dollarbillsfellontothetable.TearsofgratitudepuddledinmyeyesasIcounted.IsilentlythankedSisterEstherinmyheart.（当我打开她的卡时，我震惊地倒吸一口冷气。百元大钞掉在桌子上。我数的时候，感激的泪水在我眼里打转。我在心里默默感谢Esther。）可知D.Shecametotheauthor'sassistance.（她来帮助作者。）符合题意。故选D。
（4）标题归纳题。根据文章最后一段WhenIopenedhercard，Igaspedinshock.Hundred-dollarbillsfellontothetable.TearsofgratitudepuddledinmyeyesasIcounted.IsilentlythankedSisterEstherinmyheart.（当我打开她的卡时，我震惊地倒吸一口冷气。百元大钞掉在桌子上。我数的时候，感激的泪水在我眼里打转。我在心里默默感谢Esther。）可知本文的最佳标题是A.KindnessWarmsLife（善良温暖生活）。故选A。
本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在圣诞节前丢了工作，接下来的的一周，作者想尽快找到工作挣钱，买下圣诞树。随后的周日下午，作者带着女儿Kristil去一个富裕的封闭式社区参加一个生日聚会，让作者心灵备受打击。回家后，就在作者看着下雪的窗外的时候，看到了曾经的老师Esther。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
8~11.【答案】C、D、B、C
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据第一段After the war，Europeans decided to take more time off while Americans chose to keep their shoulders to the wheel for longer.A survey by Project Time Off found that the main reason why Americans are unwilling to take all their vacation is fear of being replaceable.Other factors are heavy workloads and lack of cover from fellow employees.One useful feature of public holidays is that workers worry less about being replaced if everyone else does the same.（战争结束后，欧洲人决定休更多的假，而美国人则选择长时间坐在方向盘上。Project Time Off的一项调查发现，美国人不愿意休完所有假期的主要原因是害怕被取代。其他因素还包括繁重的工作和缺乏同事的支持。公共假期的一个有用的特点是，如果其他人都这样做，工人们就不那么担心被取代。）可推知，公共假期对工人的好处体现在精神状态方面。 A.Salary薪水；B.Workloads工作负荷；C.Mental state精神状态；D.Peer relations同事关系。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Quitting holiday time does not always please the boss.A study by the Harvard Business Review in 2021 found that those who took 11 or more days off a year were almost twice as likely to get a raise or a bonus as those who took ten days off or fewer.Nor do extra working hours automatically lead to higher productivity.Another study by a club of mostly rich countries in 2019 found a negative correlationbetween GDP per hour and the number of hours worked across member countries.（放弃假期并不总能让老板高兴。《哈佛商业评论》（Harvard Business Review）在2021年的一项研究发现，每年休假11天或更长时间的人获得加薪或奖金的可能性几乎是休假10天或更短时间的人的两倍。额外的工作时间也不会自动带来更高的生产率。2019年，一个主要由富裕国家组成的俱乐部进行的另一项研究发现，成员国每小时的GDP与工作小时数之间存在负相关关系。）及第三段中 The Institute for Employment Studies in Britain reviewed academic research on the subject and concluded that long hours working（more than 48 hours a week）was associated with various negative effects，such as decreased productivity，poor performance，health problems，and lower employee motivation.The danger is that long hours simply lead to wasted effort.（英国就业研究所回顾了有关该主题的学术研究，得出结论：长时间工作（每周超过48小时）与各种负面影响有关，如生产力下降、表现不佳、健康问题和员工积极性降低。危险在于长时间工作只会浪费精力。）可知，第二段提到的两项研究是为了说明放弃假期并不总能让老板高兴，由此推断，老板这样做的目的是提高工人的表现。故选D。
（3）词句释义题。根据Northcote Parkinson，a management theorist，wrote that" work expands to fill the time available".Every editor knows that many journalists only deliver their articles when the deadline is imminent.Workers may be staring at their computers，but how many have disappeared in social networking？（管理理论家Northcote Parkinson写道："work expands to fill the time available"每个编辑都知道，许多记者只在截稿日期临近时才发表文章。员工们可能正盯着电脑，但有多少人已经消失在社交网络中？）可知，划线部分句子字面意思是 "工作扩展到填满可用时间"，根据后文的举例说明，可推知，该句意思是指人们工作的时间越长，越会分散精力在与工作无关的事情上，工作的实际效率会降低。A.The harder you work，the more time you will have你工作越努力，你的时间就越多；B.The longer you work，the less productive you are你工作的时间越长，效率就越低；C.The better you perform，the higher position you will get你表现得越好，职位就会越高；D.The longer you work，the heavier workload you will have你工作的时间越长，你的工作量就越大。故选B。
（4）写作目的题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们需要休假的原因是在不感到疲倦的时候更有创造力，工作的效率会更高，所以放弃假期并不总能让老板高兴，坚持修完假的员工获得加薪或奖金的可能性更大。所以作者写这篇文章的目的是阐述度假的必要性。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们需要休假的原因是在不感到疲倦的时候更有创造力，工作的效率会更高，所以放弃假期并不总能让老板高兴，坚持修完假的员工获得加薪或奖金的可能性更大。
做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案。
12~15.【答案】C、C、B、D
【解析】（1）推理判断题。根据文章第二段Pittsburgh'scitycouncilannouncedaDark-SkyOrdinance（法令）in2021statingthatitwouldbecomeadarkskycityin2022.Thatmeansthatitwilluselowerwattage（瓦特）LEDbulbsandaddshadestodirectthelightdownwardwhenlightingroads，bridges，andotherpublicspaces.Thiswillhelpreducelightpollutioninthecity.（匹兹堡市议会在2021年宣布了一项黑暗天空法令，称它将在2022年成为一个黑暗天空城市。这意味着它将使用更低瓦数的LED灯泡，并增加灯罩，以便在照明道路、桥梁和其他公共场所时将光线向下引导。这将有助于减少城市的光污染。）可知匹兹堡实施黑暗天空法令以减少光污染。A.Toblockoutnightshow.阻止夜间演出；B.Toshadethestreetlights.遮蔽街灯；C.Todecreaselightpollution.减少光污染；D.Toimprovepeople'shealth.提高人们的健康水平。故选C。
（2）推理判断题。根据文章第四段 Theordinancewhichonlyaffectspublicfacilitieswillreplaceabout40，000lightbulbswithLEDsthatwillsendoutlessbluelight，thetypeoflightthatisharmfultoanimals，insectsandplants.（这项只影响公共设施的法令将把大约40，000个灯泡换成发光二极管，这种发光二极管发出的蓝光较少，这种蓝光对动物、昆虫和植物有害。）可知新的发光二极管的优势在于它们更环保。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据文章最后一段ButasmoreandmorecitiesexperimentwithLightsOutperiodsduringbirdmigrations（迁徙）—somethingPittsburghandPhiladelphiatookpartin—thisisanideathatcanreallytakeoff.（但是随着越来越多的城市在鸟类迁徙期间进行熄灯期的实验---匹兹堡和费城参与了其中---这是一个可以真正起飞的想法。）可知《黑暗天空法令》的通过应该是成功的。A.Itisshort-sighted.这是目光短浅的；B.Itshouldbesuccessful.应该会成功的；C.Itwillupsetcitizens.这会让市民不安；D.Itmaylimitmigration.它可能会限制迁移。故选B。
（4）文章类型题。根据文章第二段Pittsburgh'scitycouncilannouncedaDark-SkyOrdinance（法令）in2021statingthatitwouldbecomeadarkskycityin2022.Thatmeansthatitwilluselowerwattage（瓦特）LEDbulbsandaddshadestodirectthelightdownwardwhenlightingroads，bridges，andotherpublicspaces.Thiswillhelpreducelightpollutioninthecity.（匹兹堡市议会在2021年宣布了一项黑暗天空法令，称它将在2022年成为一个黑暗天空城市。这意味着它将使用更低瓦数的LED灯泡，并增加灯罩，以便在照明道路、桥梁和其他公共场所时将光线向下引导。这将有助于减少城市的光污染。）可知本文是一篇新闻报道。A.Aproductadvertisement.产品广告；B.Anacademicpaper.一篇学术论文；C.Abookreview.书评；D.Anewsreport.新闻报道。故选D。
本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了匹兹堡市议会在2021年宣布了一项黑暗天空法令，称它将在2022年成为一个黑暗天空城市。
一、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力，考生必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读，搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
二、看题干，带着问题读文章。
首先要掌握问题的类型，客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案；而主观判断题考查的是对文章的感情基调等，这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性，提高了做题的准确率。
三、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
在实际阅读中，有时作者并未把意图说出来，阅读者要根据字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有：infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
四、猜词悟义，扫除阅读拦路虎。
猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会"顺藤摸瓜"，通过构词，语法，定义，同位，对比，因果，常识，上下文等线索确定词义。
16~20.【答案】F、C、A、E、B
【解析】（1）因果关系题。根据前文It is generally believed that eating before bed could cause weight gain because your metabolism usually slows down when you fall asleep.（人们普遍认为睡前吃东西会导致体重增加，因为当你入睡时你的新陈代谢通常会减慢。）可知，睡前吃东西，由于睡眠时新陈代谢的减缓，导致的后果就是食物不能消耗而使人发胖，所以F选项This could increase the chance that the calories will be stored as fat（这可能会增加卡路里被储存为脂肪的机会）符合语境。故选F。
（2）细节理解题。根据前文However，some health experts say that eating before bed is perfectly fine and may improve sleep or weight loss.（然而，一些健康专家说，睡前吃东西是完全没有问题的，而且可以改善睡眠或减轻体重）可知，一些专家认为，睡前可以吃东西，所以C选项Eating a snack before bed is fine for most people（对大多数人来说，睡前吃点零食没什么问题）顺应前句的意思，符合语境。故选C。
（3）推理判断题。根据后文It turns out that people who eat before bed are more likely to gain weight simply because a bedtime snack is an extra meal and，therefore，extra calories.（事实证明，睡前吃东西的人更容易发胖，因为睡前零食是一顿额外的饭，因此会产生额外的卡路里。）可知，该句表述了原因，所以前一句应该表述的是一个观点，是用原因来佐证观点。 A选项It is definitely bad to eat before bed（睡觉前吃东西绝对不好）符合语境。故选 A。
（4）推理判断题。根据前文It turns out that people who eat before bed are more likely to gain weight simply because a bedtime snack is an extra meal and，therefore，extra calories.（事实证明，睡前吃东西的人更容易发胖，因为睡前零食是一顿额外的饭，因此会产生额外的卡路里。）可知，睡前吃东西容易发胖，E选项While eating before bed may not be the best idea for some people（虽然睡前吃东西对一些人来说可能不是最好的主意）顺应前文，用 while"虽然"过渡到下一句的it can benefit others — it may actually control nighttime eating and aid weight loss（它可以造福另外一些人——它实际上可以控制夜间进食，有助于减肥。），符合语境，此外注意短语some…others…"一些人……另外一些人……"在此的衔接作用。故选E。
（5）推理判断题。根据后文but you should try to avoid eating too much.（但你应该尽量避免吃得太多。）进行反推可知，B选项Overeating is surely harmful to you（暴饮暴食肯定对你有害）符合语境，其中Overeating与eating too much是关键对应词。故选B。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个营养学的一个热门话题：睡前吃东西是利多还是弊多。
选句填空类阅读理解题材广泛，故学生要拓展知识面，关心时事，学习之余，增加阅读面。做此类题型，要通读全文，了解常见写作顺序，重点理解空白处前后的句子，段落中各句子之间的逻辑关系，如：并列、转折、因果关系及其它关系。把握意思的连贯性、逻辑性，锁定线索词，认真阅读选项，排除迷惑项，确定选项后，再快速泛读全文，确保文章上下衔接流畅，选项有据可依。
21~40.【答案】D、C、D、A、B、B、C、C、D、A、D、B、A、A、D、C、A、B、C、B
【解析】（1）考查名词及语境理解。A.communities社区；B.companies公司；C.jobs工作；D.plants植物。根据上句JackRichardslovestobearoundnature.可知杰克?理查兹喜欢亲近大自然。说明"在我长大的地方，外面没有很多植物，"杰克?理查兹说。故答案为D。
（2）考查名词及语境理解。A.gratitude感激；B.responsibility责任；C.love爱；D.demand要求。根据前文JackRichardslovestobearoundnature.可知杰克?理查兹喜欢亲近大自然。杰克在10岁时发现了自己对植物的热爱。故答案为C。
（3）考查动词及语境理解。A.used使用；B.required需要；C.lacked缺乏；D.developed发展。根据空后greatskillsingrowingplantsandlearnedmoreabout（4）eachandeveryday.可知随着年龄的增长，他在种植植物方面有了很好的技能，并且每天都学到了更多关于自然的知识。故答案为D。
（4）考查名词及语境理解。A.nature自然；B.people人们；C.animals动物；D.neighborhood邻居。根据前文JackRichardslovestobearoundnature.可知杰克?理查兹喜欢亲近大自然。说明随着年龄的增长，他在种植植物方面有了很好的技能，并且每天都学到了更多关于自然的知识。故答案为A。
（5）考查动词及语境理解。A.concerned关心；B.filled填充；C.born出生；D.loaded装货。随着年龄的增长，我家附近的一个街区的院子里会摆满鲜花和其他东西，"他说。be filled with充满。故答案为B。
（6）考查连词及语境理解。A.And和；B.But但是；C.For为了；D.So因此。根据上句 "AsIgotalittleolder，oneblockinmyneighborhoodwouldbe（5）withflowersandthingsintheyard，"hesaid."（随着年龄的增长，我家附近的一个街区的院子里会摆满鲜花和其他东西，"他说。）和下句inanotherblocktherewouldbenone.（在另一个街区就没有了）可知前后句是转折关系。故答案为B。
（7）考查动词及语境理解。A.connect连接；B.compare比较；C.share分享；D.exchange交换。根据后文Hestarted（11），sellingatalocaloutdoormarketandthencomingtoshowsandfestival.可知他从小做起，在当地的户外市场卖东西，然后去参加演出和节日。说明从那时起，杰克就想与社区分享他对植物的热爱。故答案为C。
（8）考查动词及语境理解。A.proved证明是；B.became变成；C.remained仍然是；D.grew种植。但是当他做着普通的日常工作时，这个梦想仍然只是一个种子。故答案为C。
（9）考查动词及语境理解。A.promised许诺；B.regretted后悔；C.worried担心；D.thought认为。根据下句hehadtodosomethingelse可知他经常想他必须做些别的事情。故答案为D。
（10）考查动词及语境理解。A.planted种植；B.forgot忘记；C.tracked跟踪；D.sold卖。根据前文Butthedream（8）justaseedwhileheworkedanordinarydayjob可知但是当他做着普通的日常工作时，这个梦想仍然只是一个种子。说明杰克然后种下了种子。故答案为A。
（11）考查形容词及语境理解。A.big大的；B.special特殊的；C.quiet安静的；D.small小的。根据常识可知他从小做起，在当地的户外市场卖东西，然后去参加演出和节日。故答案为D。
（12）考查名词及语境理解。A.home家；B.store商店；C.market市场；D.garden花园。根据下句There，hesellscommonplants，（13）plants，smallplants，andlargeplants.可知到在那里，他卖普通植物、稀有植物、小植物和大植物。说明2021年12月，他有了自己的商店"叶子"。故答案为B。
（13）考查形容词及语境理解。A.rare罕见的；B.expensive昂贵的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.different不同的。根据上句hesellscommonplants可知他卖普通植物、稀有植物、小植物和大植物。故答案为A。
（14）考查名词及语境理解。A.goal目标；B.problem问题；C.duty职责；D.suggestion建议。根据下句istosellthemtohomeownersto（15）theirhomeandalsotocleantheair可知目标是把它们卖给房主，美化他们的家，同时净化空气。故答案为A。
（15）考查动词及语境理解。A.build建造；B.find发现；C.make制作；D.beautify美化。根据下句andalsotocleantheair可知目标是把它们卖给房主，美化他们的家，同时净化空气。故答案为D。
（16）考查动词及语境理解。A.satisfy使满意；B.miss错过；C.reach到达；D.educate教育。根据下句Everyoneshouldbuyhouseplants.可知每个人都应该买室内植物。说明他希望他的信息能够传到其他社区。故答案为C。
（17）考查形容词及语境理解。A.cleaner更干净的；B.cooler更酷的；C.wetter更潮湿的；D.dryer更干燥的。根据前文The（14）istosellthemtohomeownersto（15）theirhomeandalsotocleantheair可知目标是把它们卖给房主，美化他们的家，同时净化空气。说明每个人都应该想要更干净的空气。故答案为A。
（18）考查固定短语及语境理解。A.in other words换句话说；B.in that way用那种方式；C.by the way顺便说；D.by all means无论如何。这样，将来当我们的孩子长大时，我们就能把它做得更好。故答案为B。
（19）考查动词短语及语境理解。A.come back回来；B.go away离开；C.grow up长大；D.move about走动。这样，将来当我们的孩子长大时，我们就能把它做得更好。故答案为C。
（20）考查动词及语境理解。A.managing设法完成；B.continuing继续；C.choosing选择；D.offering提供。根据空后toworkhardtosupportnotonlyhisstore，buthisboys，fourdogs，onecatand128plantsathome.可知杰克计划继续努力工作，不仅要养活他的商店，还要养活他的孩子、四只狗、一只猫和家里的128株植物。故答案为B。
这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了爱好种植植物的杰克?理查兹通过努力将自己的爱好变为工作，并希望能够影响更多人去种植植物的故事。
完形填空题的解题步骤：
1.通读全文，理解大意。重视首句信息，跳过空格，浏览全文，从整体上感知全文，理解文章大意，这是解题的基础。
2.瞻前顾后，避难就易。在理解文章大意的情况下，结合各选项的意义和用法，遵循先易后难的原则，先解决那些自己有把握的问题。对少数难题，暂时跳过，或许在上文中难以判断的题在下文中就有暗示或者明显的提示，或许一个在前面不能解答的题在填出了另一空后会令你豁然开朗。
3.复读全文，解决残敌。借助已经补全的空格，对全文有了更清楚的理解，可以集中解决所遗留的少数疑难问题。
4.再次复读，弥补疏漏，全部做好后，务必要结合自己选择的答案重新阅读短文内容，确保全文文意连贯。
41.【答案】【小题1】made
【小题2】to limit
【小题3】to
【小题4】are
【小题5】how
【小题6】creative
【小题7】their
【小题8】as
【小题9】be turned
【小题10】protecting
【解析】（1）考查过去分词。句意：还是住在蘑菇做的房子里？分析可知，此处应填非谓语形式作定语，且make与其逻辑主语ahouse之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语，故填made。
（2）考查动词不定式。句意：这些是限制浪费的一些想法。分析可知，the ideas to do sth."做某事的想法"，故此处应用动词不定式作后置定语，故填to limit。
（3）考查固定搭配。句意：从时尚到食品，从电子产品到包装，人们买的很多东西只使用了很短的一段时间，然后就扔掉了。根据句意表示"从......到......"应用短语from...to...，故填to。
（4）考查时态及主谓一致。句意：从时尚到食品，从电子产品到包装，人们买的很多东西只使用了很短的一段时间，然后就扔掉了。结合语境可知，句子是在陈述事实，应用一般现在时，主语alotofthethings为复数，be动词应用are，故填are。
（5）考查疑问词。句意：这就产生了一个世界性的问题，即如何处理我们丢弃的废物，以及如何为产品找到更可持续的材料。分析可知，此处为"疑问词+to do不定式"作宾语，结合句意表示"如何"，应用疑问词how，故填how。
（6）考查形容词。句意：好消息是，有聪明、有创造力和创造性的头脑在努力解决这个问题，他们的一些想法现在正在展览。分析可知，此处应用形容词creative"有创造力的"作定语，修饰后文名词minds，故填creative。
（7）考查形容词性物主代词。句意：好消息是，有聪明、有创造力和创造性的头脑在努力解决这个问题，他们的一些想法现在正在展览。分析可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词their"他们的"作定语，修饰后文名词ideas，故填their。
（8）考查固定搭配。句意：还有一部分探讨了我们可以种植的材料，如蘑菇和椰子，如何取代我们从地球上提取的材料。根据句意表示"例如"应用短语such as，故填as。
（9）考查语态。句意：然后这些可以变成积木和衣服。分析可知，所填词为句子谓语动词，主语these与动词turn之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，结合情态动词could可知，be动词应用原形，故填be turned。
（10）考查动名词。句意：这个展览旨在激励人们想出保护环境的新方法。分析可知，介词of后应用动名词作宾语，故填protecting。
这是一篇说明文，针对人们浪费严重的问题，科学家们想出了一些限制浪费的想法，旨在激励人们想出保护环境的新方法。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。
42.【答案】IamLiHua， aexchangestudentfromChina.I'mwritingtomakea usefullysuggestionthatweshould settingupaChineseCalligraphyClubinourschool.
AsfarasIknow，manystudentsinourschoolarevery interestinginChinesecalligraphy.Theywanttohaveaclub thattheycanstudyChinesecalligraphyand learnedmoreaboutChineseculture.Soitiswisetostartone. Beside，Ialsobelieveinthisclubwillofferagreatopportunityforstudentstomakemorefriends.
I'dappreciate∧ifyoucouldtakemy advicesintoconsideration.
Yours， LiHua
详解：
1.考查冠词。句意：我是来自中国的交换生李华。student"学生"是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处表示泛指，且exchange的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故a改为an。
2.考查形容词。句意：我写信是为了提出一个有用的建议，那就是我们应该在学校里成立一个中国书法俱乐部。分析可知，此处应用形容词useful"有用的"作定语，修饰后文名词suggestion。故usefully改为useful。
3.考查动词原形。句意：我写信是为了提出一个有用的建议，那就是我们应该在学校里成立一个中国书法俱乐部。情态动词should后应用动词原形。故setting改为set。
4.考查形容词。句意：据我所知，我们学校的许多学生对中国书法很感兴趣。分析可知，此处修饰主语manystudents，应用-ed结尾的形容词interested表示"感兴趣的"，interesting"令人感兴趣的"，修饰物，不符合题意。故interesting改为interested。
5.考查定语从句关系词。句意：他们想成立一个俱乐部，在里面学习中国书法，了解更多中国文化。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为aclub，在从句中作地点状语，故应用关系副词where引导。故that改为where。
6.考查动词原形。句意：他们想成立一个俱乐部，在里面学习中国书法，了解更多中国文化。分析可知，此处与and前的study并列作谓语，情态动词can后应用动词原形。故learned改为learn。
7.考查副词。句意：此外，我也相信这个俱乐部将为学生交到更多朋友提供一个很好的机会。根据句意可知，此处表示"此外"应用副词besides，beside"在......旁边"，不符合题意。故Beside改为Besides。
8.考查介词。句意：此外，我也相信这个俱乐部将为学生交到更多朋友提供一个很好的机会。believe"相信"为及物动词，其后直接接宾语从句thisclubwillofferagreatopportunityforstudentstomakemorefriends，介词in多余。故去掉in。
9.考查固定句型。句意：如果你能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。I'dappreciateit if..."如果......，我将不胜感激"，固定句型，其中it为形式宾语，if引导真正的宾语从句。故appreciate后加it。
10.考查不可数名词。句意：如果你能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。advice"建议"为不可数名词，没有复数形式。故advices改为advice。
【解析】这是一篇应用文，信中作者建议成立中国书法俱乐部并列举了其好处。
短文改错时要注意以下几点：1.快速阅读，整体把握短文大意；2.重视语境以及上下文的关系；3.充分运用基础语言知识找出错误所在。
43.【答案】According to data released by the National Health Commission in 2021，the overall myopia rate of children and adolescents in China was 52.7% in 2020，with a high myopia rate of 80.5% among high school students.As the saying goes，"Eyes are the window to the soul." It is important for us to take measures to to protect our eyes.（简述我国青少年视力现状）
First，sit straight while reading.Second，don't forget to rest during the working time.It's also helpful to relax our eyes by seeing some green trees or doing eye exercises.Last but not least，eat some food that is good for our eyes like carrots or fish.【高分句型一】（指出爱护眼睛的意义）
In a word，let's take care of our eyes so that we can see our future.【高分句型二】（给出改善的具体措施）
【解析】高分句型一：Last but not least，eat some food that is good for our eyes like carrots or fish.
译文：最后但同样重要的是，吃一些对眼睛有益的食物，比如胡萝卜或鱼。
分析：这句话使用了that引导的定语从句。
高分句型二：In a word，let's take care of our eyes so that we can see our future.
译文：总之，让我们爱护自己的眼睛，这样我们才能看到自己的未来。
分析：这句话使用了so that引导的结果状语从句。
这是一篇提纲类作文，需要写的内容已经给出，但是写作时不要仅仅对要点进行生硬的翻译，而是要添加些内容，使文章看起来更充实，要组成一篇通顺连贯的短文，一定要谈谈自己的看法。需要注意紧扣文章主题，给出的要点都需要包括，缺一不可。写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，不能出现文章脱节问题。尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。同时注意要求的字数，不要太多也不要太少。