细节：材料一（2023年3月广东一模，B篇）

阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区举行“胖胖熊黄金周”比赛，通过有趣的方式让人们环保。

For some people, October is Octobear. On October 5, Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week, when fans compare before and after photos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they bed down for the long freezing winter. Bear 747, also known as “Bear Force One”, took the first-place spot with 68, 105 votes. It weighed around 1, 400 pounds.

24. Why was Bear 747the winner?

A. It was the heaviest. B. It was the most famous.

C. It gained the most pounds. D. It presented the best photos.

正确选项特点：

________________________________________________________________

选项与文章的描述意思一样，但选项会以同义词，近义词，同源词等表达，需要学生理解后再同义替换，一般都是正确答案。

干扰选项特点：

1、A选项：

___________________________________________________________________保留原文中的很多词句，但是在细节处进行删减、改动，看上去差不多，但是意思变化（范围扩大或缩小）

2、B选项：

___________________________________________________________________

文章中完全没有出现过或者无法推断出的信息。

3、D选项：

___________________________________________________________________

截取文章中的一处或多处的只言片语，以此为基础，编造出一个选项，和文意相差甚远。常见的形式有"真假混合"（正确信息和没有根据信息的混合）、"真真瞎编"（正确信息的错误联系）。

材料二：（2023年3月湖南省九校联盟第二次联考，B篇）

本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了福州茉莉花茶窨制工艺传承人陈成忠以及茉莉花茶的制作过程。

Jasmine tea is a kind of tea scented (带有某种香味) with the fragrance of jasmine blossoms and typically has green tea as its base. The natural scenting process consumes fresh jasmine blossoms, picked during the daytime when the buds are closed, Chen said. And the green tea leaves from the spring harvest are stored until the most fragrant jasmine blossoms in late summer.

The hot and humid climate and the red soil in East China’s Fujian province provide favorable conditions for jasmine and tea plants to thrive, becoming the high-quality ingredients that are needed for Jasmine tea. “Our jasmine flowers and tea leaves are all sourced from Fujian in large quantities, despite the fact that they are pricier than those from other origins,” Chen said.

When the fresh jasmine flowers are harvested, they are mixed with layers of tea leaves. Workers stir (搅拌) the tea leaves and flowers overnight, allowing the leaves to absorb the fragrant scent of the jasmine blossoms.

In the morning, the flowers are sorted, the leaves are dried, and the process is repeated. More repetition makes for a more robust jasmine flavor, and it takes at least nine scenting processes to produce Jasmine tea of a superb grade.

6. Which of the following is RIGHT about the process of making Jasmine tea?

A. It uses the most fragrant jasmine blossoming in early summer.

B. It takes at most nine scenting processes to produce Jasmine tea of a superb grade.

C. Tea leaves should be mixed with fresh jasmine flowers to absorb their fragrance.

D. Fresh jasmine blossoms are picked during the daytime when the buds are opened.

4、A、B、D选项：

_____________________________________________________________

偷换主语，偷换宾语（又名张冠李戴），偷换概念、偷换时态（e.g.将来时变完成时）、偷换语气（e.g.观点变事实）等

推断题：

材料三（2023年3月广东一模，C篇）

文章介绍了一项新的研究发现，只要增加一篇文章中字母之间的间隔，就可以提高孩子的阅读速度和减少阅读错误，而颜色标注则对阅读速度或错误减少都没有显著影响，但可能延长阅读的持久力。

“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children would be helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials. ” Dr Stagg added. “While we found that coloured overlays provided little benefit, we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading.Coloured overlays may not increase reading speeds， but they may extend reading stamina（持久力）. Previous research suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10 minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put coloured overlaysat a disadvantage.

31. What can be inferred about coloured overlays from paragraph 5?

A. They might not have been evaluated fairly.

B. They might not be recommended by experts.

C. They might work better in short reading.

D. They might have some disadvantages.

5、B、C、D选项：

_____________________________________________________________

又名正反颠倒，反向干扰，比如把肯定的说成否定的，否定的说成肯定的。

材料四（2023年4月广州二模，D篇）

鹦鹉不仅能学舌，还会闹脾气。

Alex knew all the answers himself and was getting bored.“He's moody,”said Pepperberg,“so he interrupts the others, or hegives the wrong answer just to be difficult.”Pepperberg was certainly learning more about the mind of a parrot, but like the parent of a troublesome teenager, she was learning the hard way.

35.What caused Pepperberg's struggle in her study?

A.Her instructions had to be easy for Alex.

B.Alex was sometimes too clever to control.

C.Alex would point out other birds'mistakes.

D.She had trouble understanding Alex's mood.

6、C选项：_____________________________________________________________

文章中完全没有出现过或者无法推断出的信息。

词义猜测题：

材料五（2023年3月湖南省九校联盟第二次联考，D篇）

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国研究者开始了世界首个实验室培养“人工血液”的临床试验。

By now, such manufactured red cells have been given only to those whose own stem cells had been the source. The stem cells used for this experiment, however, were extracted from blood donated in the normal way. Then, the harvested stem cells were grown and multiplied in a nutrient solution for about 20 days, which served to turn them into young versions of red blood cells called reticulocytes, which, once transfused, quickly develop into the real McCoy. The lab-made red blood cells would be expected to last longer in a receiver’s body than those from a normal transfusion, since transfused blood unavoidably contains some cells that are on their last legs. The next step is to measure how long the manufactured cells actually do last.

12. What does the underlined part “the real McCoy” in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Red blood cells. B. Stem cells.

C. Reticulocytes. D. Nutrient solutions.

7、B、C、D选项：

_____________________________________________________________

选项是文章中出现过的正确观点、事实，但不跟题干的问题没有关系。

材料六（2023年4月广州二模，C篇）

把校园未被充分使用的土地变成商业上可行的，再生产的市场花园，该花园由当地社区所种植和为当地社区服务。

FarmMySchoolhasgainedtheextraordinaryenthusiasmofthelocals,whoansweredanonlineshout-outtobuyticketstothe program'slauncheventatBellSecondarySchoollastOctober.CalledBuildAFarminaDayFestival,theeventfeaturedworkshopsbyBenandJamestosharetheskillsrequiredtobuildwhattheysayistheworld'slargestno-diggarden.“Itwassuchapowerfulevent,andIthinkthatcomesdowntopeoplewantingtoactnow,”saysJames.“Wechargedfortheexperienceand600guysturnedup!Theydidn'tevenneedfreedrinkstogetexcited.Weweregardeningtillmidnight.Itwasamazing.We'vegottruecommunitybuy-in.”

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"buy-in"meaninparagraph3?

A.Competition.B.Investment.

C.Support.D.Protection.

8、B选项：_____________________________________________________________

这种干扰项设置方式常见于词义猜测题中，指的是仅凭字面或但从个别句子的表面意思进行浅层理解，而忽视了具体语境或一些特定修辞手段。

主旨大意：

材料七：（2023年3月济南市高三模拟考试，C篇）

本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开始进入测试阶段的一种室外冷却系统，这项新技术有望在2024年投入市场，使人们在炎热的天气下，能够重享在室外喝咖啡的快乐。

As Leizer introduced, the energy is from the pressure created between liquid nitrogen (氮) and gas nitrogen. When liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees turns into gas, it produces a very strong pressure and the pressure is used to run a mechanical engine. It is that mechanical engine that slowly releases freezing nitrogen gas to cool down the air around it.

10. What does Paragraph 3 mainly explain?

A. What powers the engine.

B. What turns liquid into gas.

C. How the pressure is formed.

D. How the new system works.

9、B、C选项：

_____________________________________________________________

又叫以点带面，指的是选项中出现的是相关的信息，但不是文章强调的重点，是把次要信息当成主要内容。具体表现形式为把次要信息、细节当主要观点；把段落主旨当文章主旨的问题等。

材料八：（2023年4月广东二模，C篇）

本文介绍了一种新的文学人工智能，以及这种人工智能对文学行业带来的影响。

Could the next Emest Hemingway or Jane Austen be a well-engineered AI software program? It's a question becoming increasingly pressing as machine language-learning software continues to evolve.

Much of this is just nerves. Today’s AI creative writing programs are not yet at a stage of development where they pose a serious threat to Colleen Hoover or Charles Dickens. But while attention continues to focus on the possibility of a blanket takeover of human literature by AI,far less consideration has been given to the prospect of AI co- working with humans.

Earlier this month,American sci-fi writer Ken Liu,who had been awarded Hugo and Nebula to his name,joined 12 other professional authors for a writing workshop on Google's Wordcraft.This AI tool,a language generating model,is not yet publicly available but is advertised as an AI-powered writing assistant that can, when given the right instruction from the writer,provide helpful descriptions,create lists of objects or emotional states, and even brainstorm ideas.

The writers at the workshop,however, emerged with mixed reports. “Wordcraft is too sensible. Wow!”Robin Sloan wrote. “But 'sensible’is another word for predictable, overused and boring. My intention here is to produce something unexpected.”

I'm unconvinced that writers awarded the Nobel Prize have much to fear from AI. Their work, and that of countless other novelists, short story writers, dramatists and poets, is too particular, too beautifully unique. Even if a model leaned what they had done in the past, it would not be able to predict where their creativity might take them in the future. But for authors who write following a pattern,Al might step in, first as assistants before some day to authorship.

Production-line novels are nothing new. In the 1970s, Barbara Cartland,who wrote more than 723 books in her lifetime,many of which are romance bestsellers, would read her novels for her secretary to type up at the remarkable rate of roughly seven chapters a week. But already machine has replaced the secretary’s role. Perhaps creative writing software isn't that far from replacing the Mrs.Cartlands of today.

31. Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Will AI Replace Human Writers?

B. AI Warns Mrs.Cartlands of Today.

C. Is Writing Running into a New Era?

D. Wordcraft Lies at the Center of Debate

二选一的突破：

材料九：2023 年 4 月浙江湖州、衢州、丽水三地市高三教学质量检测试卷C篇

In countries around the world, women do more unpaid labor—housework, child and elder care, and the mental load of managing a family—than men. New research suggests it takes a health toll (代价) on many of them.

An analysis of 19 studies covering 70,310 people globally, which is published this month in The Lancet (柳叶刀) Public Health, found that the more of this labor women do, the worse their mental health. The findings point out women are more often diagnosed with anxiety and depression than men.

Housework and child care, the research found, have much less of an impact on men’s mental health. That’s probably because they do so much less of it. In the United States, women do an average 4.5 hours of such work a day, compared with 2.8 hours for men, according to data from the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. In Greece, women do 4.3 hours while men do an hour and a half. Even in the most gender-equal countries, like Sweden, women do 50 minutes more a day than men.

It’s also because the type of such work men do is generally less time-sensitive. For example, men are more often responsible for outdoor tasks, like mowing the lawn, that are done less often and on their own schedule. Women are more likely to take on daily tasks that need to be done at certain times, like preparing meals or cleaning up.

Social expectations probably also play a role. Studies have shown that women feel pressure to keep their homes clean, for instance, and feel judged if they don’t. Men, on the other hand, are often praised for doing daily tasks like taking a child to an appointment.

The Lancet researchers said that drawing clear conclusions from the 19 studies was difficult and that more research would be welcome.

31. What is the text mainly about?

A. Facts that men and women are unequal.

B. Bad effects that housework has on women.

C. Responsibilities that women share in families.

D. Reasons why unpaid labor hurts women more mentally.

练习：

1.2023年4月广东二模

D

Two separate research groups in the U. K. and Denmark have come up with the same idea for a study that could help save endangered species, and have gotten the same results. It involves sucking environmental DNA from the air that animals leave behind.

“We use a really small pump that pulls the air through, and we hope the DNA gets caught on the filter(过滤器)，”said Elizabeth Clare,the lead researcher. “ It's a bit like making coffee. You make coffee by sucking water through a filter and leaving the coffee grounds behind. That's basically what we're doing; we're just sucking the air through and hoping that the DNA gets lost behind."

Clare says the concepthas been used for years in different ways. Scientists sample pathogens(病原体) from the air, which has been used to help track COVID-19 Environmental DNA can also be collected from water to help ease invasive species.

A big goal for both research teams with the new study is to be able to locate endangered species and help save them. It is important to note that this type of DNA sampling can only be picked up if a species is in the area, so if there were two of the same animal, scientists would not be able to tell which one the DNA came from.

Both research groups also reported certain DNA samples not showing up when they knew an animal had been in the area. They also can't tell yet how long an animal's DNA will stick around after it's been in one area.Clare says she'd like to plan more researches to get these answers.

But one thing is for sure after conducting the study.Clare says she has a whole newperspective on taking a deep breath.“As you know,I'm walking through a jungle or the park or taking my dog for a walk or my kids out to play,and I take a deep breath;I think I just inhaled information about all the things that have been here before, and as a scientist, that's exciting to think that the information that I'm trying to gather is literally hanging in front of me,” she said.

33. What does the underlined phrase “the concept”in paragraph 3 refer to?

A. Detecting danger in the air. B. Protecting endangered animals.

C.Sucking DNA out of the air. D. Collecting environmental samples.

34. What do we know about the new method of DNA sampling?

A. It distinguishes different DNAs.

B. It collects certain DNA within range.

C. It locates endangered species exactly.

D. It predicts the duration of animals’stay.

35. What can we infer from Clare's words in the last paragraph?

A. She breathes the air of hope for future studies.

B.She agrees with the benefits of deep breathing

C. She adopts brand-new methods of purifying the air.

D. She finds inner peace by doing simple things in life.

2、2023年4月宁波二模

Humans are not the animal kingdom's only fashionistas. Tits （ ll.| 雀）can be fashion followers, too, apparently. A latest study shows that, given the chance, they decorate their nests with this season's must-have colour.

Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin were following up on a study published in 1934 by Henry Smith Williams, an American naturalist. He noticed that when he put various coloured balls of yarn （纱）out in his garden, almost always one and only one became popular that season for being included into local birds' nests. But which particular color was favoured varied from season to season. This suggested that the colour chosen by one of the early birds was spotted and copied by others.

Williams's work was, however, forgotten until they came across it while following up on a different study, published by a team at the University of Toulouse, suggesting fashion-following, too. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin therefore set out to re-run Williams's experiment, but this time to collect some actual numbers.

The birds they followed were part of a well-monitored population of blue tits in a wood near the institute. Most birds in this wood carried tracking devices fitted to them after their capture in mist nets. That allowed the institute's researchers to keep track of a vast number of individuals by recording their arrival at food containers throughout the wood. Instead of food, these containers were loaded with wool of different colors. Interestingly, researchers soon found that most nests of blue tits included only the color of the wool first chosen by a ncstbuildcr.

Tits, then, do seem to be "on trend” when it comes to nest-building materials. Why that should happen remains obscure. Dr. Wild and Dr. Aplin suspect the fashion leaders are older birds, and that evolution favours younger ones copying their elders since those elders have evidently survived what fortune has to throw at a tit. Williams's original work, though, suggests such initial choices arc at random — a bit like those of the leaders of human fashions.

31.What is the main idea of the text?

A.Birds favour certain colors in decoration.

B.Young birds follow their elders in fashion.

C.Young birds are just as intelligent as people.

D.Birds are just as fashion-conscious as people.