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专题02：选词填空-2023年高考英语二模试题分项汇编（解析版）

（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

The degree to which seasonal changes affect mood, energy, sleep, appetite, food preference, or the wish to socialize with other people has been called seasonality. Seasonal affective disorder (SAD), a condition where depressions in fall and winter____1____with non-depression periods in spring and summer, is the most marked form of seasonality.The typical symptoms of____2____winter depression include lowered mood, social____3____, increased appetite and weight gain. Mild or no symptoms often occur in spring and summer. It is argued that such pattern of depression occurrence forms an adaptive mechanism which enhances the likelihood of reproductive success, most____4____for females, among populations living at temperate latitudes(纬度). Women are more likely to become pregnant in the summer and thus to give birth at a time of year when their babies have a higher chance of survival. Low chance of summer depression also indicates____5____individuals and promotes healthier pregnancies, which increase the survival chances of both mothers and babies. In the modern era, it is probable that repeated winter depression is becoming a reproductive____6____.

Several lines of evidence also suggest that genetic factors play an important role in the seasonality and SAD．Millions of years of evolution had____7____human biochemical systems for survival under equatorial(赤道的) environmental conditions. Modern humans began to move out of Africa only about 150,000 years ago. Little change in our ‘equatorial’systems might have been expected over this relatively short evolutionary span. And a genetic defenselessness against seasonal changes in mood and behavior is out of____8____adaptation to the new living conditions.

Today, more studies of SAD and seasonality are receiving considerable attention. Studies on relatives of patients with SAD also suggested a familial____9____to the development of SAD．Researchers are trying to find out whether SAD and seasonality are acquired at birth as a composite entity(实体) or whether the two are separate acquired traits that happen to____10____in certain individuals.

（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Japan births fall to record low as population crisis deepens

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（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Are You Scared of AI?

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（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

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（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

On TikTok, “Self-care” has 28.2 billion views, while thehashtag(主题标签) can be found on over 66 million Instagram posts. Also, books about self-care often___41___many people’s shopping lists.On the___42___, it makes complete sense. Who wouldn’t like the idea of making oneself feel better and taking care of their mind, body and soul? Yet, we have to be careful not to view self-care as a cure-all solution to our problems. Self-care____43____without awareness of your specific needs andconsistent(一致的) evaluation can cause emotional, financial, mental and physical consequences.

According to Zishan Khan, a psychologist with Mindpath Health, self-care can lead to a person becoming frustrated when met with a sea of suggestions, which___44___everywhere from podcasts to self-help books. “So, don’t allow what others suggest to____45____your internal voice,” says Khan. “Self-care can only benefit a person if it’s consistent with their goals and values.”

Khan further emphasizes the danger of uncontrolled physically-centered self-care advice, such as from influencers. “Their___46___often overly focuses on beauty and improving one’s looks. This can unintentionally lead to body image concern and thus actually worsen one’s mental health,” she says.

Another danger can come when self-care actions reach the level of___47___, says Melissa Boudin, a psychologist of Choosing Therapy. “When you spend a large amount of time thinking about or practicing a certain self-care behavior, this may be that self-care has gone from beneficial to harmful,” she says, using the example of self-care through healthy eating and then going so far as to____48____an eating disorder.

Lena Suarez-Angelino, a(n)____49____clinical social worker, has recommended creating a list of activities that make you feel better but don’t____50____you. Worthwhile and beneficial self-care may include anything from time with loved ones to walking. While self-care is important, it should not be overdone.

（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Will AI be the first to discover ET or alien life?

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（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

Inspired by Arctic Life

Polar bears are warm-blooded animals with heavy fat and fur that can survive in freezing Arctic temperatures. A team of students from the Royal Danish Academy, inspired by polar bears, designed apop-upigloo(弹出式冰屋)—an emergency tent that might make survival in sub-zero areas much more___61___.

Led by Henry Glogau, the team said that their design can help those lost or___62___in extreme conditions. With little visibility and no phone coverage, people may face severe___63___while waiting for rescue in cold polar areas. Rather than fight against the extreme conditions, the team looked to use them to its advantage. “Inspired by snow caves and the___64___winter-used tents, we treat snow as a building material rather than a burden,” the team told Vigour Times website.

The pop-up igloo adopts amylar(聚酯薄膜) material, which works similarly to polar bears’ skin. Besides their thick fat and fur, polar bears have black skin underneath, which is ideal for absorbing___65___from the Arctic sun. In the same way, the mylar material reflects heat into the area within the tent to keep people feeling comfortable. The pop-up igloo also features anorigami-like(像折纸的) design, which helps to trap the snow and___66___the tent. The origami pockets create areas where snow can___67___up on the outside. It prevents heat from escaping from the tent, while holding the tent to the ground. This adds another protective___68___to everything inside.

To check its capabilities and limits, the team put the design through intensive testing for one month in Alaska. The analysis indicates that an average 37°C___69___in temperature between indoors and outdoors could be maintained. In the future, the pop-up igloos could be____70____along hiking routes in cold areas like the Arctic, where they could be set up in seconds when needed.

（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Stonehenge

Stonehenge in southern England ranks the world’s most symbolic archaeological (考古的) sites and one of its greatest mysteries. The huge stone circle on Salisbury Plain inspires____71____and fascination—but also intense debate some 4,600 years after it was built by ancient Britons who left no written record.

The monument’s mysterious past has____72____countless tales and theories. According to folklore, Stonehenge was created by Merlin, who magically transported the____73____stones from Ireland, where giants had put them up. Another legend says the armies from Denmark put the stones up, and another theory says they were the ruins of a Roman temple.

Modern debate over the monument’s meaning has two main camps: those who see it as a religious site, and others who believe it represents a scientific observatory and also a kind of____74____computer used for working out dates. Both camps base their theories on the site’s____75____influence. The position of the stones____76____to the sun and moon is taken as evidence of rituals linked to the changing seasons and the summer and winter solstices (冬至和夏至).

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（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.

An entirely new art form is developing. This art form goes beyond___81___giving viewers one thing to look at. Instead, it surrounds them with images and sounds. This usually takes the form of rooms where music plays and images are___82___onto walls, changing when visitors interact with them. Sometimes pleasant smells are added to draw people in through yet another sense. These rooms are known asimmersive(沉浸式的) exhibits because they seek to involve viewers completely.The most famous company___83___immersive exhibits is called teamLab. What this company does is draw on people with a huge range of skill sets: artists, engineers,___84___and even mathematicians. All of these skills are necessary to produce the complex immersive exhibits teamLab is known for. Much of the company’s art is based on nature. This is a(n)___85___choice as their goal is to help people feel more connected to the rest of the world. This goal reflects some traditional Asian philosophies, which makes sense because teamLab is a Japanese company. TeamLab’s philosophy states that it seeks totranscend(超越) the___86___that people have set up to separate them from other things.

Other companies are also developing immersive exhibitions___87___at providing entertainment, education or both. For example, American company Imagine Exhibitions has designed over 40 exhibitions, which combine art, lighting, textures, scents and more. Physical objects are carefully selected and placed throughout the exhibits to add to their realism. The topics of their exhibits___88___from the history of ancient Egypt to nature to TV shows and games such asAngry Birds.

Immersive exhibits maybe a new development, but they are___89___by older art forms. Some immersive exhibits are even apparently about the work of artists who worked in other media, such as the painter Vincent van Gogh. Even those who do not reference other artists so clearly are often influenced by older art styles. And many of the immersive exhibits also___90___some form of music.

By combining skills and technologies in creative ways, teams are developing new ways for people to experience art.

（2023·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Animal Communication

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（2023·上海金山·统考二模）Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

Companies Help Integrate (整合) Digital Real Economies

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（2023·上海宝山·统考模拟预测）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

How does thunder-snow work? Thunder-snow is rare because the conditions that produce snow tend to have a stabilizing effect on the atmosphere. In winter the surface and lower troposphere (对流层) are cold and there is little moisture to lead to lightning. Lightning super-heats the air, while the rapid___111___produces the sound waves we call thunder. Thunderstorms can form in winter, but have different characteristics. A typical normal thunderstorm consists of tall,___112___clouds that rise from a warm updraft (上升气流) leading from the surface up to around 40, 000 feet. Thunder-snow usually forms when layers of flat snow clouds develop instability and experience dynamic lifting. Three___113___lead to the instability. Firstly, a normal thunderstorm at the edge of a warm or cold front can run into cold air, changing rain into freezing rain or snow. Secondly, when the flat snow clouds become bumpy or develop what are usually called “turrets”. Turrets rise about the clouds, making the top layer___114___. The change causes water molecules or ice crystals to gain or lose electrons (电子). When the electrical___115___difference between two bodies becomes large enough, lightning occurs. Thirdly, a cold air front passing over warmer water can produce thunder-snow. This is the type of thunder-snow most often seen near the Great Lakes or near and ocean.

The obvious difference between a typical thunderstorm and thunder-snow is that a thunderstorm produces rain, while thunder-snow is___116___with snow. However, the thunder and lightning of thunder-snow are different, too. Snow can___117___sound, so thundersnow’s thunder sounds low and doesn’t travel as far as it would in a clear or rainy sky. Normal thunder may be heard miles from its source, while thunder-snow thunder tends to be___118___to a 2 to 3 mile radius from the lightning strike. While the sound of a thunder may be lowered, lightning flashes are enhanced by___119___snow. Thunder-snow lightning____120____appears white or golden, rather than the usual blue or purple of thunderstorm lightning.

参考答案：

1．E2．H3．I4．B5．C6．A7．K8．D9．G10．J

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了季节性变化对情绪、能量、睡眠、食欲、食物偏好或与他人交往的愿望的影响程度被称为季节性。季节性情感障碍是一种秋季和冬季的抑郁期与春季和夏季的非抑郁期交替出现的状态，是最显著的季节性形式。说明了这一病症的特征以及影响。

1．考查动词。句意：季节性情感障碍（SAD）是一种秋季和冬季的抑郁期与春季和夏季的非抑郁期交替出现的状态，是最显著的季节性形式。结合句意表示“交替出现”可知应填动词alternate，为一般现在时，主语为depressions in fall and winter，谓语用原形。故填alternate。故选E。

2．考查形容词。句意：周期性冬季抑郁症的典型症状包括情绪低落、社交退缩、食欲增加和体重增加。结合句意表示“周期性”可知应填形容词periodic，作定语修饰winter。故填periodic。故选H。

3．考查名词。句意：周期性冬季抑郁症的典型症状包括情绪低落、社交退缩、食欲增加和体重增加。结合句意表示“退缩”可知应填名词withdrawal，作宾语，不可数。故填withdrawal。故选I。

4．考查副词。句意：有人认为，这种抑郁症的发生模式形成了一种适应机制，增强了生活在温带纬度地区的人口中生殖成功的可能性，尤其明显的是女性。结合句意表示“明显”可知应填副词notably，作状语。故填notably。故选B。

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