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专题01：语法填空 -2023年高考英语二模试题分项汇编（原题版）
（2023·上海静安·统考二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Ever got to grips with a problem? Picked up a new skill? Grasped a difficult concept? The language of learning is full of references to parts of the body outside the brain. Perhaps that’s because these phrases hint at____1____deeper. Since the beginning of this century, researchers have been working on the mechanism of learning. They are discovering that learning is easier, quicker with the body movements____2____(involve). According to many, the effect could be huge____3____it’s gesturing with the arms or moving around a room. Can these insights enhance teaching and learning? And should it inform the way technology____4____(employ) in the classroom?
In some ways, the idea that the body can aid learning should come____5____no surprise. Consider that many of us probably began to understand basic arithmetic by counting on our fingers____6____we learned to count in our head.
A theory called embodied cognition suggests that what goes on in our minds comes from our actions and interactions with the world around us. It means that____7____(encourage) children to think and learn in a purely abstract way might actually make lessons harder for them to understand and remember.
Science backs up the idea that actions really might speak louder than words in the classroom. Even at the subconscious level, we appreciate the communicative value of our body language. There is evidence that teachers,____8____in various cases use arms and hand movements in lessons, achieve better teaching results.
In light of this, it’s tempting to conclude that teachers, and their students, had better jump up and down, or wave their arms about like windmills during lessons. Professor Manches, however, advises caution. The concern is that science has not quite worked out____9____the relationship between body and mind works. “We_____10_____not jump into the intervention stage too early,” says Manches.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, us one word that best fits each blank.
Emily Dobek is a seventh-graded at East Prairie Elementary School. Recently she___11___(win) a national prize by designing a space station for travelling to Mars.
Dobek races her interest in space and the universe back___12___Grade Three when she and her father watched a blood moon — a total lunar eclipse (月食)— on the roof of their house. She says that night watching the lunar eclipse awakened her passion___13___has yet to run out of fuel.
So___14___her teacher, Andrew Smeeton, received information about the national challenge, she immediately had one student in mind.
“I knew she would love the challenge and that she would go way beyond in her research,” Smeeton said. “When she started,bone density (骨密度) of astronauts___15___(research) immediately to figure out how to survive on Mars.”
According to Dobek’ design, the Mars Storage Station (MSS) will be built___16___(accommodate) the need for sufficient supplies. She explains how her spacecraft — the Adventure — will be joined to a space station before flying to the MSS to load supplies. Her design includes the Self Growing Farm, and she details___17___it would work with elements on Mars.
Then there is physical and leisure activity for the astronauts under Dobek’s design. Asimulator(模拟器) allows astronauts to choose their exercise machine and virtual reality environment. Rooms with circular ceilings allow astronauts to watch___18___(download) shows and even see places on Earth, such as their homes.
Chief among her immediate goals, she said, is to inspire___19___with this project. “I want to tell other kids to follow their passions,” Dobek said, “____20____they want to do, they should kind of just push for it. They should always try their best.”
（2023·上海青浦·统考二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A New Orchid was Found in Japan
Nature is full of secrets. There are still many things to find out about it. One of those things was discovered last week in Japan. It is rare to find a new plant in Japan. An amateur naturalist came across a new species of orchid___21___other flowers in Tokyo. Scientists also found the flower elsewhere in other districts, an indication that the new species___22___deserve further investigation.
The newly-found orchid is beautiful. It is pink and white, it has a central stem, around___23___grow tiny, bell-shaped flowers, and its delicatepetals(花瓣) look like they are made from glass. The flower is a neighbor to a(n)___24___(relate) orchid species common in Japan.
Sometimes unknown species are often living right under our noses — in parks, gardens and even in planters on balconies. That’s___25___researchers in Japan recently recognized this new species of orchid. Professor Kenji Suetsugu from Kobe University said the discovery of new species in usual places means it is necessary to keep exploring, even in everyday places that___26___(not look) so remarkable.
There are about 28,000 orchid species worldwide. The new orchid belongs to a class called Spiranthes. There are about 50 different kinds of Spiranthes. They are___27___(familiar) kind of orchid in Japan, for they appeared in a Japanese poem dating to 759 AD．Professor Suetsugu said he and his colleagues were “delighted___28___(identify) a new species”. He said it was exciting because it wasn’t found hidden deep in a rainforest or jungle. The discovery of the new orchid is good news. However, many orchids are on the endangered species list due to habitat loss. We need to protect natural environments to stop flowers___29___(disappear). The world will be far less colourful___30___we lose more orchids.
（2023·上海宝山·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“Wow ... what a beautiful girl!” you think to yourself. Today, you logged into Facebook and saw a friend request from a lovely stranger. You think that she must be a model__31__all of her photos look very professional. She doesn’t have many friends, but maybe she’s just new to Facebook. You may___32___(tempt) to accept her request and say hello, but you’d better think twice because you might get catfished!
Catfishing is an online cheat___33___someone on a social media platform pretends to be someone they’re not. The word was made popular by a 2010 documentary film with the same name. Just like in the movie, most catfishing cheats start with the catfish___34___(try) to sweet talk their victim into falling in love with them. Why? There are a variety of reasons people catfish.
Some catfish attempt___35___(charm) their victim into trusting them, and then ask them for money. Others will ask for sensitive information or private pictures___36___they can then use them toblackmail(敲诈) their victims into sending them money. But in some situations, catfish are just lonely people,___37___(dissatisfy) with their lives and using social media to live in an alternate reality.
On social media, it’s possible to remainanonymous(匿名的) even after you___38___(start) building a relationship with someone. According to the Better Business Bureau in the U.S., around 85 percent of catfishing schemes start on Facebook and the Facebook Dating service. In 2021 as the pandemic pushed many to search for love online, romance schemes, such as catfishing, rose___39___80 percent compared to 2020. These cheats cost victims around $1.3 billion in losses and left many with psychological and emotional damage.
The internet is a wonderful tool that allows users to learn new things, play games and meet interesting people. However, everyone___40___be careful of the catfish who hide in the shadows. If someone seems too good to be true, they probably are!
（2023·上海松江·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A Short Stretch Before Bed
Many people may struggle to sleep. I have found one small change that all of us could make and truly works: a short stretch before bed.
Studies have shown that low-level physical activities___41___use gentle stretching, like yoga ortai chi,help with sleep quality. And___42___it is good to stretch anytime of day, a gentle and quiet routine before bed works best to help send a signal to the brain that it is now time for sleep.
Most importantly, stretching doesn’t require money. There___43___(be) plenty of exercise apps for you to buy or subscribe to, and they all have guiding routines. I have found that the subscription-based appSweat and Centrhas good, short routines and clear instructions___44___(improve) your form. There are countless personal trainers and yoga instructors on the Internet who have been giving free classes to people___45___(stick) at home.Yoga from Adrieneis the best known,___46___a huge library of videos available. If you’d rather perfect your technique in person, you___47___also find free yoga andtai chilessons in your local community and take those lessons home.
And of course,___48___works for you will depend on your current physical state. I’ve seen women in___49___80s who could do acartwheel(侧手翻) over my poor, suffering body. So clearly I am no expert, but I____50____(stretch) right before bed since last year and have found that I always sleep better on the nights that I do it.
（2023·上海闵行·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Humans have been living and working on the space station for over 20 years. Their meals are packaged, though sometimes astronauts receive fresh treats___51___resupply missions. The longer that packaged food is stored, the more___52___may lose nutrients.
Astronauts have successfully grown 10 different crops on the space station since 2015 and had the chance___53___(taste) each one. The International Space Station hosted a party for astronauts on Friday as they celebrated the harvest of the first chili peppers___54___(raise) in space.
Plant Habitat-04 was one of the most complex plant experiments on the orbiting laboratory___55___peppers took much longer to grow than the previous experiment plants there. After growing for four months, the peppers___56___(harvest) on Friday. When the vegetables were ready to eat, the astronauts also completed a sensory assessment. They rated the flavor, color, appearance, and taste of the produce to see___57___the labor over their greens proved fruitful as a supplement to prepackaged space food.
Fresh greens, like peppers, provide a great source of key nutrients, which are essential to human bodies. Fresh greens also have psychological benefits. They can help to keep morale (士气) and provide a sense of normalcy (正常) on missions___58___all the conditions are distinctively different from the earth. Fresh greens make a long-duration mission___59___(bearable) by providing a taste of home.
Looking to the future, the plant experiments have the potential to significantly impact the sustainability of space exploration. They____60____, one day, provide a food source for long-term habitation of Mars and other planets.
（2023·上海奉贤·统考二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Are exclamation marks necessary?!
Punctuation is so important in writing that it is one of the first things you learn in school. It is a universal code with different marks to help with the meaning of____61____is being written. As is known to us, it____62____indicate the end of a sentence, a question or — in the exclamation mark’s case — a strong emotion. Without an exclamation mark in the correct place, a warning road sign might read, “Children please drive slowly”____63________64____“Children! Please drive slowly”.
An exclamation mark is a valid form of punctuation____65____origin can be traced back to a 14thcentury Italian scholar. The exclamation mark informs the reader that there are strong feelings in the words. Although it is up to the reader____66____(grasp) exactly what that emotion is, it’s a useful signal. Also, exclamation marks on road signs help to keep people safe. As punctuation expert Philip Cowell writes, “There’s a meaningful difference between ‘duck’ and ‘duck!’” Of course, using them too much____67____(make) exclamation marks lose their purpose but that doesn’t mean they are useless.
However,____68____matters how punctuation is used. Some writers argue that exclamation marks are never truly necessary. Famous author Terry Pratchett writes that someone who uses multiple exclamation marks is likely to wear “underpants on his head”. Perhaps this is because they seem shouty and forced,____69____(give) away a writer’s need to tell the reader how to read a sentence. It’s_____70_____(good) to leave them out and let the reader react to the words on their own terms. A good writer can create emotions with just words and sentences,_____71_____that’s fear, wonder or joy. Exclamation marks make the writer seem desperate and can be tiring to read. One writer described them as “the cockroach of the punctuation world”, meaning they are everywhere, and they are pests.
（2023·上海嘉定·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Understanding Your Loved Ones
Eight months after my father died, I saw some letters on top of my mother’s coffee table. They were written decades ago___72___my father’s neat handwriting. I couldn’t imagine my serious father ever___73___(write) anything like love letters.
“Would you like me to read them to you?” Mom asked with a hint of a smile. The letters___74___(address) to my mother in 1974 over the course of a month when my father traveled back to Italy to carefor his sick mother, leaving his wife and me behind in Toronto,___75___my parents had immigrated to in 1956.
I sat back and listened while my mother read his letters to me, and thought, “Who is this guy?” My father was proud andstubborn(固执的), and he married a woman who was his equal in that regard. During their 58-year marriage, their stubbornness often___76___(lead) to conflict. So it was bittersweet to hear my father’s youthful words___77___(read) aloud by my elderly mother with a sad tone. I knew she was thinking about what could have been different if she had been___78___(proud).
As children, we often assume we know___79___about our parents. But, sometimes, we find out that they were and are people with various dimensions. After she finished reading the letters, I held them in my hands and examined them like they werefossils(化石). A man of few words___80___my father was, he had filled the front and back of several pages.
These letters are only part of their correspondence. My mother also wrote back to my father. I begged her to read them to me, but she only smiled. I don’t want to enter her heart’s most sacred place uninvited unless she wishes____81____(listen) to. But she has assured me that one day she will share them with me.
（2023·上海金山·统考二模）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.
OpenAI Announces ChatGPT Successor GPT-4
OpenAI has released GPT-4, the latest version of its hugely popular artificial intelligence chatbot ChatGPT.
The new model can respond to images by providing recipe suggestions from photos of ingredients as well as writing captions and descriptions. It can also process up to 25,000 words, about eight times as many as ChatGPT. Millions of people have used ChatGPT since it_____82_____(launch) in November 2022. Popular requests for it include writing songs, poems, marketing copy, computer code, and helping with homework,_____83_____teachers say students shouldn’t use it. ChatGPT answers questions_____84_____(employ) natural human-like language, and it can also imitate other writing styles such as songwriters and authors, using the Internet as its knowledge database.
There are concerns that it could one day take over many jobs currently_____85_____(do) by humans. OpenAI said it_____86_____(spend) six months on safety features for GPT-4, and on human feedback. However, it warned that it_____87_____still be subject to sharing disinformation.
GPT-4 will initially be available to ChatGPT Plus subscribers,_____88_____pay $20 per month for easy access to the service. It’s already powering Microsoft’s Bing search engine platform. The tech giant has invested $10b_____89_____OpenAI.
GPT-4 has “_____90_____(advanced) reasoning skills” than ChatGPT, OpenAI said. The model can, for example, find available meeting times for three schedules.
OpenAI also announced new partnerships with language learning appDuolingoandBe My Eyes, an application for the visually impaired,_____91_____(create) AI Chatbots which can assist their users using natural language.
However, like itspredecessors(被替代的事物), OpenAI has warned that GPT-4 is still not fully reliable and it may invent facts or make reasoning errors.
（2023·上海虹口·统考二模）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Why we should record travel moments
Throughout my travels, I have come in search of a sound, not a sight.
Just as some travellers take photos of landscapes or their food, I started collecting sound recordings as an unusual and artistic way to help me remember some of the most stimulating details of my trips. I’ve found that____92____(listen) back to these recordings, I’m able to recall each place and moment in a different way than I can by scrolling through images. It turns out that this may be____93____our brains remember sound differently than other types of senses.
According to Dr James Giordano, a professor at Georgetown University Medical Center, our brains process information and turn it into memories by receiving it____94____our senses, encoding it and storing it — much like a computer. When we receive information and encode it, it is fairly short-term in nature; but when____95____(store), it becomes long-term memory. The information we receive and process with our ears____96____(call)echoic memory(回声记忆). “Think of the brain as a space and time machine. It allows us____97____(transport) ourselves back and forward in time, across spaces,” Giordano said. “Echoic memory is exactly as the name would imply: it is, in fact, an echo of something that____98____(occur).”
According to a study at the University of Iowa namedIn one ear and out the other, a group of students participated in two experiments in____99____they listened to sounds, looked at images and held objects. In the first experiment, students were asked to recall____100____variousstimuli(刺激物) were the same or different after a set period of time. In the second, they were asked to recall the sounds, images and objects after an hour, a day and then a week. In____101____of the instances, students’ recollection of sound was far worse thantheir visual memories, and the longer the time passed by, the greater the gap became.
（2023·上海崇明·统考二模）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Tea Art
It’s common to see people in coffee bars create coffee art, but it’s a whole different ballgame doing the same thing with tea. Han Zheming has managed to perfect the skill, creating tea art in cups, or dian cha in Chinese,__102__used to be a ritual during the Song Dynasty.
Over the past six years, the 40-year-old Shanghai resident__103__(use) tea and spoons to create nearly 200 patterns based on ancient paintings. “It’s like__104__(add) bells and whistles to tea, giving people a stronger sense of occasion, so drinking tea is more fun,” Han says. It’s also his intention to bring the old ritual back to modern life and have more people__105__(appreciate) its charm. Dian cha enhances the taste of tea, Han says. “It is similar to thefoam(泡沫) on top of a cup of coffee, except__106__it is made of tea rather than milk.”
Chinese tea culture started to enjoy popularity during the Tang Dynasty and boomed throughout the Song Dynasty,__107__tea became a necessity for almost everyone, from nobles and scholars to common people, just like other essential items, such as rice, oil and salt, as suggested by Song politician and thinker Wang Anshi.
Different from the method of making tea during the Tang period, in the Song Dynasty, the popular way of having tea was through dian cha. The process begins with hot water being poured over fine__108__(powder) tea creating a mixture.Then more hot water is added slowly__109__the tea is constantly beaten by hand with a bamboo stick. It is believed that this method later spread to other parts of East Asia, including Japan, where similarities__110__be seen in the waymatcha(抹茶) is prepared today.
This action of pouring hot water is called dian; hence the name dian cha__111__(list) as anintangible cultural heritage(非物质文化遗产) of Runzhou district, Zhenjiang city, Jiangsu province, in 2019.
（2023·上海宝山·统考模拟预测）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Morning or night? Which time of day do you enjoy the most and are more mentally alert?___112___one you prefer, there is a name for you.
Early birds or morning larks (云雀), as you can guess, are morning people. They have more energy in the morning and are happy to greet the day.___113___they rise early, they lose energy in the late afternoon. Therefore, morning larks tend to hit the hay early. As most of society runs on daylight hours, morning larks are seen as productive people. As the saying goes: “The early bird gets the worm.”
Night owls are the opposite of morning larks. These people have___114___(little) energy in the morning. They would rather get a few more hours of sleep than rise with the sun. But on the other side, night owls come alive in the late evening hours. They become energetic and find inspiration in the moonlight. It’s no surprise___115___they can they up well into the night.
While all birds___116___(create) equal, some night owls wish they could rise earlier. If you are one of them, here are some tips to help you catch that worm.
People___117___not adjust their bedtimes overnight (一夜之间). So far those night owls wishing to rise at dawn, start with a 15-minute change. Go to bed 15 minutes earlier than usual and wake up that much earlier as well. Keep the pattern going until you find yourself___118___(rise) with the sun.
Though it may be challenging. start your morning with as much light as possible. Open the curtains. Turn on the lights. See what___119___difference it makes in helping you start your day.
To make the change from owl to lark you need to be consistent and rise early every day. Don’t work hard to rise early during the week only___120___(sleep) in on weekends. Pick an hour to wake up, and do it every day.
For the night owls out there, hopefully these tips___121___(make) your mornings more bearable.
参考答案：
1．something2．involved3．whether4．is employed5．as6．before7．encouraging8．who9．how10．should
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了有关学习机制的研究，研究发现通过肢体动作，学习变得更容易、更快。许多人认为，无论是用手臂做手势还是在房间里移动，效果都是巨大的。
1．考查不定代词。句意：也许这是因为这些短语暗示了一些更深层次的东西。作介词的宾语，表示“某些东西”应用不定代词something。故填something。
2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们发现，通过肢体动作，学习变得更容易、更快。此处为with的复合结构，且involve与body movements构成被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填involved。
3．考查固定句型。句意：许多人认为，无论是用手臂做手势还是在房间里移动，效果都是巨大的。表示“无论是……还是……”句型为whether…or…。故填whether。
4．考查时态语态。句意：它应该为科技在课堂上的应用提供信息吗？主语与谓语构成被动关系，用被动语态，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语为technology，谓语用单数。故填is employed。
5．考查介词。句意：在某种程度上，身体可以帮助学习的想法并不奇怪。表示“并不奇怪、不足为奇”短语为come as no surprise。故填as。
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