标点:4个逗号,主从复合句
1个while,此处引导让步状语从句
1个who,此处引导非限制性定语从句
第1部分:主句
1??⑴(According to her research), ⑵runners ⑶hit⑷(the ground) ⑸(with as much as four times their body weight) ⑹(per step),
⑴评注状语:According to her research
⑵主语:runners
⑶谓语:hit
⑷宾语:the ground
⑸状语:with as much as four times their body weight,伴随状语
⑹状语:per step
参考翻译:根据她的研究,跑步者每步以4倍于他们体重的速度踏在地面上
第2+3部分:让步状语从句(嵌套定语从句)
2??while⑴(race walkers),3??【⑴who⑵do notleave⑶(the ground)】,⑵create⑶only⑷(about 1.4 times their body weight)⑸(with each step).
2??让步状语从句
⑴主语:race walkers
⑵谓语:create
⑶状语:only ,副词作状语
⑷宾语:about 1.4 times their body weight
⑸状语:with each step
3??嵌套定语从句
⑴主语:who
⑵谓语:do notleave
⑶宾语:the ground
参考翻译:而不离开地面的竞走者,每一步创造的重量约是他们体重的4倍