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#高考真题#阅读理解
【真题回顾】2021年高考英语完形填空精选
【真题回顾】2021年高考英语语法填空精选
【真题回顾】2021年高考英语阅读理解之说明文精选
【真题回顾】2019-2021年高考英语阅读理解之科普类说明文
【真题回顾】2019-2021年高考英语阅读理解——人物传记类精选
【2021年】
(2021·全国甲卷·C)话题:玩滑板的经历 词数:351 难度:★★★
When I was 9, we packed up our home in Los Angeles and arrived at Heathrow, London on a gray January morning. Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue—sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place. Until I made a discovery.
Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “ Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.
When I was 15, my family moved to Washington. I tried skateboarding there, but the locals were far less welcoming. Within a couple of years, I'd given it up.
When I returned to London in 2004, I found myself wandering down to Southbank, spending hours there. I've traveled back several times since, most recently this past spring. The day was cold but clear: tourists and Londoners stopped to watch the skaters. Weaving（穿梭）among the kids who rushed by on their boards, I found my way to the beam. Then a rail—thin teenager, in a baggy white T—shirt, skidded（滑）up to the beam. He sat next to me. He seemed not to notice the man next to him. But soon I caught a few of his glances. “I was a local here 20 years ago,” I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.”
“Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
8. What can we learn about the author soon after he moved to London?
A. He felt disappointed.
B. He gave up his hobby.
C. He liked the weather there.
D. He had disagreements with his family.
9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?
A. Be careful! B. Well done!
C. No way! D. Don't worry!
10. Why did the author like to spend time in Southbank when he returned to London?
A. To join the skateboarding.
B. To make new friends.
C. To learn more tricks.
D. To relive his childhood days
11. What message does the author seem to convey in the text?
A. Children should learn a second language.
BSport is necessary for children's health.
C. Children need a sense of belonging
D. Seeing the world is a must for children.
【答案】
8. A 9. B 10. D 11. C
【解析】
本文属于记叙文。本文讲述作者自己的经历，起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在与一个玩滑板的孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的熟悉感。
8.推理判断题。根据第一段“Everyone in the family settled quickly into the city except me. Without my beloved beaches and endless blue -sky days, I felt at a loss and out of place.(除了我之外的家里人都很快适应这个城市，没有了我喜爱的沙滩和蓝天，我感到迷茫和无措)”可知，作者刚到伦敦的时候因为没有喜爱的沙滩，不能很好的融入到新的城市，感到很沮丧，故选A。
9.词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义，结合选项，故选B。
10.推理判断题。根据第四段““I was a local here 20 years ago," I told him. Then, slowly, he began to nod his head. “Safe, man. Safe.””(我告诉他：“我20年前经常在这里玩滑板，”他缓慢地开始向我点头：“嗨，你好！”)”可推知，作者去Southbank这个地方是为了寻找自己玩滑板的回忆，故选D。
11.推理判断题。根据全文可知，作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应，但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方，结识了玩滑板的朋友，因此很好的适应了。但是搬去华盛顿，因为没有遇到很好的玩滑板的朋友，几年之后就不再玩滑板，作者回到伦敦之后，经常去之前玩滑板的地方寻找自己的回忆，在于一个孩子打招呼的时候，终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过作者的经历，作者要表达的是，归属感对于孩子是很重要的，故选C。
【2020年】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷·C)话题:竞走与跑步的比较 词数:302 难度:★★★
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does, however, have its own problem.Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says.According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr.Norberg says.According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says.It takes some practice.28.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?
A.They must run long distances.
B.They are qualified for the marathon.
C.They have to follow special rules.
D.They are good at swinging their legs.
29.What advantage does race walking have over running?
A.It’s more popular at the Olympics.
B.It’s less challenging physically.
C.It’s more effective in body building.
D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries.
30.What is Dr.Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking?
A.Getting experts’opinions.
B.Having a medical checkup.
C.Hiring an experienced coach.
D.Doing regular exercises.
31.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking?
A.Skeptical.B.Objective.
C.Tolerant.D.Conservative.
【答案解析】
本文是说明文。虽然竞走与跑步一样都有助于健康,但竞走运动与跑步不同。竞走者必须是有一定条件的运动员,而且需要练习,需要有教练或有经验的竞走者的指导。
28.选C。推理判断题。根据第二段对竞走运动的介绍可知,竞走需要一定的条件:距离长,竞走者的腿在跑动时必须是直的,而且前后脚交替着地。因此,C项“竞走者必须遵循一定的规则”符合题意。
29.选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“因此,她说,一些与跑步有关的损伤,比如跑步者的膝盖(的损伤),在竞走者中并不常见。”也就是说竞走对膝盖的伤害比跑步要小。故选D。
30.选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“她说,事实上,任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者,学习适当的技术。”可知,诺伯格博士建议想参与竞走运动的人先听一听专家的意见。故选A。
31.选B。观点态度题。作者介绍了竞走与跑步的不同,并引用了一些研究成果。所以,作者对竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。
(2020?全国Ⅱ卷?D)话题:我和图书馆词数:348W 难度:★★★★
I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader, sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties, I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library.My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time.As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaningin my life.I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.I always read, using different voices, as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it! It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books.Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation.As a novelist, I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers, a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries, in their own way, help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can.32.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child?
A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy.
C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
33.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.Pleasure from working in the library.
B.Joy of reading passed on in the family.
C.Wonderment from acting out the stories.
D.A closer bond developed with the readers.
34.What does the author call on other writers to do?
A.Sponsor book fairs.
B.Write for social media.
C.Support libraries.
D.Purchase her novels.
35.Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A.Reading: A Source of Knowledge
B.My Idea about Writing
C.Library: A Haven for the Young
D.My Love of the Library
【答案解析】
作者从小就与图书馆建立了密切关系,后来把自己对图书馆的热爱在家庭里一代代地传递下去。最后,作者还阐明了图书馆的作用。
32.选C。推理判断题。根据第一段的I was always an enthusiastic reader以及Stories were like air to me可知,当作者是一个孩子时,她就已经和书籍密不可分了。故选C。
33.选B。推理判断题。根据第三段可知,作者成为母亲后,图书馆在她的生活中又增添了新的意义,那就是书成为她和孩子们快乐的来源。由此可以推断出,“an added meaning”指“阅读的快乐在家庭中的传承”。故选B。
34.选C。细节理解题。根据最后一段的I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can可知,作者认为所有作家都应该力所能及地支持图书馆。故选C。
35.选D。标题归纳题。作者从小就与图书馆建立了密切关系,后来把自己对图书馆的热爱在家庭里一代代地传递下去。故选D。
(2020?全国Ⅲ卷?C)话题:家庭多代同居词数:323 W 难度:★★★
C
With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation (孤独), more families are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet, for Nick Bright at least, leads straight to his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor.“We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,” says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in: “We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.”And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.”It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents; many more adult children are returning to the family home, if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents, compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million.Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India, particularly outside cities, young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married.28.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol?A.Nick. B.Rita.
C.Kathryn. D.The daughters.
29.What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law?
A.Positive. B.Carefree.
C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.
30.What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on?
A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports.
C.Published statistics. D.Public opinions.
31.What is the text mainly about?
A.Lifestyles in different countries.
B.Conflicts between generations.
C.A housing problem in Britain.
D.A rising trend of living in the UK.
【答案解析】
本文主要介绍了英国多代同居问题,越来越多的英国人选择和父母居住在一起。
28.选B。细节理解题。根据第二段中...his mother-in-law: she lives on the ground floor以及第三段中最后一句...Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen, bathroom, bedroom and living room on the ground floor. 可知,Rita Whitehead是Nick的岳母,住在ground floor,选B。根据第二段“he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters.”可知,排除ACD。
29.选A。观点态度题。根据第五段And what does Nick think? “From my standpoint, it all seems to work very well. Would I recommend it? Yes, I think I would.” 可知,Nick同意和岳母住在一起,并且很推荐这一做法,所以是positive,选A。
30.选C。推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知,报告显示三代人在一起生活的家庭数量已从2001年的325 000个增加到2013年的419 000个。根据第七段内容可知,25-34岁的年轻人中约20%与父母同住,而1991年为16%。英国所有多代家庭共居的总数据约为180万。由这两段的介绍可知,作者一直都是用调查数据在讲述家庭居住问题,故选C。
31.选D。主旨大意题。纵观全文,文章主要介绍了英国人与父母居住在一起的情况越来越多,多代同居家庭也日益增多,所以选D。文中并不是倾向于介绍生活方式,也没有用太多笔墨去介绍其他国家,排除A。文中介绍了多代家庭居住的情况,并没有说他们之间有很多冲突,排除B。文中没有说家庭问题,排除C。
(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷·D)话题:就餐同伴对饮食习惯的影响 说明文词数:343 难度:★★★★★
According to a recent study in the JournalofConsumerResearch, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it’s the beanpoleswith big appetites you really need to avoid.To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds.Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have.However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin.For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case, she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces.The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions.If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I.Call it the “I’ll have what she’s having” effect.However,we’ll adjust the influence.If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits.But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit.If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I?12.What is the recent study mainly about?
A.Food safety.
B.Movie viewership.
C.Consumer demand.
D.Eating behavior.
13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A.Big eaters.
B.Overweight persons.
C.Picky eaters.
D.Tall thin persons.
14.Why did the researchers hire the actor?
A.To see how she would affect the participants.
B.To test if the participants could recognize her.
C.To find out what she would do in the two tests.
D.To study why she could keep her weight down.
15.On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph?
A.How hungry we are.
B.How slim we want to be.
C.How we perceive others.
D.How we feel about the food.
【答案解析】
本文介绍了一项关于就餐同伴的体形和就餐习惯会影响他人的食物摄入量的研究。研究表明“从他心理”的影响的确存在,但人们也会根据自己对就餐同伴的看法有所调整。
12.选D。主旨大意题。根据整篇短文的内容特别是第一段中第一句研究的结论可知文章主要在讲就餐同伴会影响人们的食物摄入量,即选D。
13.选D。词义猜测题。根据前面“和现存研究的结论‘你应该避免和肥胖且吃得多的人在一起吃饭’相反”可知,我们要避免的应该是身材苗条但是吃得多的人;还有根据三、四段的两次实验的结果可知,就餐同伴如果苗条且吃得很多的话,就会使同餐者的食物摄入量大增,可知,就餐时一定要避免和身材苗条但食物摄入量大的人在一起,不然就会摄入过多的食物。故选D。
14.选A。推理判断题。根据研究的结论可知,雇演员就是为了证明就餐者的食物摄入量是否受就餐同伴的影响,故雇用这个演员的作用就是看看她会如何影响其他就餐者。故选A。
15.选C。推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,如果一个超重的人吃得很多,就餐同伴就会吃得相对少些,因为看到了大吃的后果;但是如果一个苗条的人吃得多,就会有“他吃得多且能保持苗条,我也可以”的心理,因此调整是建立在如何看待就餐同伴的前提之上的,故选C。
(2020?浙江高考?B)话题:能变换时间的智能交通信号灯词数:306W 难度:★★★★
The traffic signals along Factoria Boulevard in Bellevue, Washington, generally don’t flash the same length of green twice in a row, especially at rush hour.At 9:30 am, the full red/yellow/green signal cycle might be 140 seconds.By 9:33 am, a burst of additional traffic might push it to 145 seconds.Less traffic at 9:37 am could push it down to 135.Just like the traffic itself, the timing of the signals changes.Thatis by design.Bellevue, a fast-growing city just east of Seattle, uses a system that is gaining popularity around the US: intersection (十字路口) signals that can adjust in real time to traffic conditions.These lights, known as adaptive signals, have led to significant declines in both the trouble and cost of travels between work and home.“Adaptive signals can make sure that the traffic demand that is there is being addressed,” says Alex Stevanovic, a researcher at Florida Atlantic University.For all of Bellevue’s success, adaptive signals are not a cure-all for jammed roadways.Kevin Balke, a research engineer at the Texas A&M University Transportation Institute, says that while smart lights can be particularly beneficial for some cities, others are so jammed that only a sharp reduction in the number of cars on the road will make a meaningful difference. “It's not going to fix everything, but adaptive signals have some benefits for smaller cities,” he says.In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.In the past, there was often an automatic reaction to increased traffic: just widen the roads, says Mark Poch, the Bellevue Transportation Department’s traffic engineering manager. Now he hopes that other cities will consider making their streets run smarter instead of just making them bigger.25.What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A.Increased length of green lights.
B.Shortened traffic signal cycle.
C.Flexible timing of traffic signals.
D.Smooth traffic flow on the road.
26.What does Kevin Balke say about adaptive signals?
A.They work better on broad roads.
B.They should be used in other cities.
C.They have greatly reduced traffic on the road.
D.They are less helpful in cities seriously jammed.
27.What can we learn from Bellevue’s success?
A.It is rewarding to try new things.
B.The old methods still work today.
C.It pays to put theory into practice.
D.The simplest way is the best way.
【答案解析】
美国华盛顿州贝尔维尤市的交通信号灯可以根据交通流量变化时间。
25.选C。推理判断题。That指的是第一段中提到的交通信号灯的时间可以调节变换这件事。故选C。
26.选D。细节理解题。根据第四段Kevin Balke的话可知,他认为,虽然智能信号灯对于一些城市,尤其是小城市有帮助,但对于非常堵塞的城市来说,作用不是很大,他认为这些过度堵塞的城市需要的是路上车辆的锐减。故选D。
27.选A。推理判断题。根据最后一段的In Bellevue, the switch to adaptive signals has been a lesson in the value of welcoming new approaches.可知,转换为可调节的信号灯在获得新方法的价值方面给我们上了一堂课。由此可知,尝试新事物是值得的。故选A。
(2020·江苏高考·D)话题: 已知的和未知的事物 词数:646 难度:★★★★★
D
I was in the middle of the Amazon (亚马逊) with my wife,who was there as a medical researcher.We flew on a small plane to a faraway village.We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,and more often than not,did not entirely recognize the food.We could not have felt more foreign.
We were raised on books and computers,highways and cell phones,but now we were living in a village without running water or electricity.It was easy for us to go to sleep at the end of the day feeling a little misunderstood.
Then one perfect Amazonian evening,with monkeys calling from beyond the village green,we played soccer.I am not good at soccer,but that evening it was wonderful.Everyone knew the rules.We all spoke the same language of passes and shots.We understood one another perfectly.As darkness came over the field and the match ended,the goal keeper,Juan,walked over to me and said in a matter-of-fact way,“In your home,do you have a moon too?” I was surprised.
After I explained to Juan that yes,we did have a moon and yes,it was very similar to his,I felt a sort of awe (敬畏) at the possibilities that existed in his world.In Juan’s world,each village could have its own moon.In Juan’s world,the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous.Anything was possible.
In our society,we know that Earth has only one moon.We have looked at our planet from every angle and found all of the wildest things left to find.I can,from my computer at home,pull up satellite images of Juan’s village.There are no more continents and no more moons to search for,little left to discover.At least it seems that way.
Yet,as I thought about Juan’s question,I was not sure how much more we could really rule out.I am,in part,an ant biologist,so my thoughts turned to what we know about insect life and I knew that much in the world of insects remains unknown.How much,though? How ignorant(无知的) are we? The question of what we know and do not know constantly bothered me.
I began collecting newspaper articles about new species,new monkey,new spider...,and on and on they appear.My drawer quickly filled.I began a second drawer for more general discoveries: new cave system discovered with dozens of nameless species,four hundred species of bacteria found in the human stomach.The second drawer began to fill and as it did,I wondered whether there were bigger discoveries out there,not just species,but life that depends on things thought to be useless,life even without DNA.I started a third drawer for these big discoveries.It fills more slowly,but all the same,it fills.
In looking into the stories of biological discovery,I also began to find something else,a collection of scientists,usually brilliant,occasionally half-mad,who made the discoveries.Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see,but they pay more attention to them,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion (穷尽),and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers.In looking for the stories of discovery,I found the stories of these people and how their lives changed our view of the world.
We are repeatedly willing to imagine we have found most of what is left to discover.We used to think that insects were the smallest organisms (生物),and that nothing lived deeper than six hundred meters.Yet,when something new turns up,more often than not,we do not even know its name.
65.How did the author feel on his arrival in the Amazon?
A.Out of place. B.Full of joy.
C.Sleepy. D.Regretful.
66.What made that Amazonian evening wonderful?
A.He learned more about the local language.
B.They had a nice conversation with each other.
C.They understood each other while playing.
D.He won the soccer game with the goal keeper.
67.Why was the author surprised at Juan’s question about the moon?
A.The question was too straightforward.
B.Juan knew so little about the world.
C.The author didn’t know how to answer.
D.The author didn’t think Juan was sincere.
68.What was the author’s initial purpose of collecting newspaper articles?
A.To sort out what we have known.
B.To deepen his research into Amazonians.
C.To improve his reputation as a biologist.
D.To learn more about local cultures.
69.How did those brilliant scientists make great discoveries?
A.They shifted their viewpoints frequently.
B.They followed other scientists closely.
C.They often criticized their fellow scientists.
D.They conducted in-depth and close studies.
70.What could be the most suitable title for the passage?
A.The Possible and the Impossible
B.The Known and the Unknown
C.The Civilized and the Uncivilized
D.The Ignorant and the Intelligent
【答案解析】
本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者介绍了自己通过与亚马逊雨林中生活的当地人的接触中,发现一些人对外部的世界并不了解。作者意识到,很多东西是人类已知的,还有很多是人类未知的。
65.选A。推理判断题。根据文章第一段We did not speak the local language,did not know the customs,...did not entirely recognize the food.We could not have felt more foreign可知作者不会说当地语言,不知道当地的风俗,甚至不知道当地的食物,因此作者感觉自己格格不入。A项out of place格格不入,不相称,不适当,符合作者的感受。故选A。
66.选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段I am not good at soccer,but that evening it was wonderful.Everyone knew the rules.We all spoke the same language of passes and shots.We understood one another perfectly可知踢球时他们的彼此理解使得那个亚马逊夜晚很美好。故选C。
67.选B。推理判断题。根据文章第四段In Juan’s world,the unknown and undiscovered was vast and marvelous可知在Juan的世界里,未知的东西和未被发现的东西是浩瀚而神奇的。可推断出Juan对世界知之甚少。故选B。
68.选A。推理判断题。根据文章第七段a second drawer for more general discoveries;a third drawer for these big discoveries可推知作者把所知道的、所发现的进行了归类整理。故选A。
69.选D。细节理解题。根据文章第八段Those scientists very often see the same things that other scientists see,but they pay more attention to them,and they focus on them to the point of exhaustion,and at the risk of the ridicule of their peers可知那些科学家经常看到和其他科学家看到的一样的东西,但他们更加这些发现,他们把注意力集中在这些发现上直到精疲力竭的地步,冒着被同行嘲笑的风险。可知杰出科学家的研究更有深度。故选D。
70.选B。主旨大意题。作者在与亚马逊雨林中生活的当地人的接触中,发现一些人对外部的世界并不了解。作者意识到,很多东西是人类已知的,还有很多是人类未知的。根据文章中关键词the unknown,what we know and do not know,可知标题应为The Known and the Unknown,故选B。
【2019年】
(2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C)话题:独自就餐 词数:346 难度:★★★
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself,quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad.What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time.And like more Americans,she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America.More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves.Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore,74 percent,according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out.Alone,but together,you know?” Bechtel said,looking up from her book.Bechtel,who works in downtown West Palm Beach,has lunch with coworkers sometimes,but like many of us,too often works through lunch at her desk.A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.She returns to work feeling energized.“Today,I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over,Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流).“I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said.“It’s a chance for self-reflection.You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone.There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over.Now,we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table.“It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt,whose company provided the statistics for the report.
28.What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?
A.Food variety.
B.Eating habits.
C.Table manners.
D.Restaurant service.
29.Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?
A.To meet with her coworkers.
B.To catch up with her work.
C.To have some time on her own.
D.To collect data for her report.
30.What do we know about Mazoleny?
A.He makes videos for the bar.
B.He’s fond of the food at the bar.
C.He interviews customers at the bar.
D.He’s familiar with the barkeeper.
31.What is the text mainly about?
A.The trend of having meals alone.
B.The importance of self-reflection.
C.The stress from working overtime.
D.The advantage of wireless technology.
【答案解析】
一份报告显示许多美国人喜欢独自就餐,有些人独自就餐可以远离繁重的工作,使精力得以恢复,有些人可以利用这样的时光反思自己的一天,并为未来做打算。这就是很多人喜欢独自就餐的原因:可选择的自由。
28.选B。推理判断题。第二段的数据显示美国46%的人是独自吃饭。53%的人的早餐、46%的人的午餐都是独自吃,只有在晚餐时74%的人会一起吃,可总结为美国人的吃饭习惯,故选B 项。
29.选C。细节理解题。根据第三段中的A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.和“Today,I just wanted some time to myself” 可知她喜欢拥有属于自己的时间。故选C项。
30.选D。推理判断题。根据第四段中的...Andrew Mazoleny,a local videographer,is finishing his lunch at the bar.He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction.可知选D项。
31.选A。主旨大意题。文章显示美国人喜欢独自就餐,这样可以给他们带来一些好处。故选A项。
(2019·浙江6月卷·A)话题:助人为乐——寻找军功章的主人 词数:342难度:★★
Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military (军队的)medals forsale in antique stores and on the Internet. But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals’ rightful owners, and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother,a Purple Heart with the name Corrado A.G.Piccoli,found in an antique shop.Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal,he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet,Zac tracked down Corrado’s sister Adeline Rockko.But when he finally reached her,the woman flooded him with questions: “Who are you?What antique shop?” However,when she hung up,she regretted the way she had handled the call.So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown,N.Y.“At that point,I knew she meant business,” Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian immigrants in Watertown.Corrado,a translator for the Army during WWⅡ,was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac,Adeline hadn’t realized the medal was missing.Like many military medals,the one Zac’s mother had found was a family treasure.“This medal was very precious to my parents.Only on special occasions (场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands,” Adeline says.As a child,Adeline couldn’t understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older,” Adeline says,“and missed my brother more and more,I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccoli’s Purple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrado’s medal,Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.21.Where did Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?
A.In the army.
B.In an antique shop.
C.From his mother.
D.From Adeline Rockko.
22.What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?
A.She was very impolite.
B.She was serious about the medal.
C.She suspected his honesty.
D.She came from a wealthy family.
23.What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?
A.Her parents’ advice.
B.Her knowledge of antiques.
C.Her childhood dream.
D.Her memory of her brother.
【答案解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个曾经的军人Zachariah Fike在古董店或者网上买到军功章,找到并归还给它真正的主人。
21.选A。细节理解题。根据第二段第二句Zac knows the meaning of a Purple Heart—he earned one himself in a war as a soldier.可知,Zac知道紫心勋章的意义——他当兵时获得的。故选A项。
22.选B 。推理判断题。根据第三段最后Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown,N.Y.“At that point,I knew she meant business,” Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”可知她开车八个小时来看我,可见她对这件事是认真的。故选B。
23.选D。细节理解题。根据第六段As a child,Adeline couldn’t understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older,” Adeline says,“and missed my brother more and more,I realized that was the only thing we had left可知小时候Adeline不了解军功章的重要性,但是随着成长,她更思念自己的哥哥。故选D项。
(2019·浙江6月卷·B)话题:奉献爱心——爱心布告板 词数:288难度:★★★
Money with no strings attached.It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month,a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read,“Give What You Can,Take What You Need.”
People quickly caught on.And while many took dollars,many others pinned their own cash to the board.“People of all ages,races,and socio-economic (社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took,”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox,which created the project.“We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars.” Most of the bills on the board were singles,but a few people left fives,tens and even twenties.The video clip (片段)shows one man who had found a $20 bill pinning it to the board.
“What I can say for the folks that gave the most,is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said.“There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most.“ Most people who took dollars took only a few,but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could.
While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign,Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy.He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet.
“After all,everyone has bad days and good days,” he said.“Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.”
24.What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?
A.Money spent without hesitation.
B.Money not legally made.
C.Money offered without conditions.
D.Money not tied together.
25.What did Bridges want to show by mentioning the bride?
A.Women tended to be more sociable.
B.The activity attracted various people.
C.Economic problems were getting worse.
D.Young couples needed financial assistance.
26.Why did Bridges carry out the project?
A.To do a test on people’s morals.
B.To raise money for his company.
C.To earn himself a good reputation.
D.To promote kindness and sympathy.
【答案解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了美国洛杉矶的一家公司组织的一项特别活动。组织者在联合车站竖起布告板,请参与者自愿把自己的钱钉在上面或者拿走自己需要的数额。活动引起了强烈的社会反响。
24.选C。词义猜测题。根据后句It’s not something you see every day“这样的事不是每天都能看到”以及But后面的内容“立起了一个钉着一些钱币的布告板,旁边的标牌上写着“尽你所能,取你所需”。可知此处指无条件地提供急需的钱。故选C项。
25.选B。推理判断题。根据第二段People of all ages,races,and socio-economic backgrounds gave and took,”可知活动吸引了各色人群的参与。We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars是对前句的补充说明。故选B。
26.选D 。细节理解题。根据第四段Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy可知布里奇斯说他唯一的目标就是宣扬慷慨和同情。故选D。
(2019?天津6月卷?D)话题:怎样过好成年生活 词数:433 难度:★★★★★
Would you BET on the future of this man?He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning,and he has often been in prison.Driven by heaven-knows-what motives,he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years.That former prisoner was Cervantes,and the book was DonQuixote(《堂吉诃德》).And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days,while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steambefore they reach life’s halfway mark.I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can’t all get there.I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us,in fact,progressively narrow the variety of our lives.We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it.Nothing surprises us.We lose our sense of wonder.But,if we are willing to learn,the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills.We learn to bear with the things we can’t change.We learn to avoid self-pity.We learn that however much we try to please,some people are never going to love us—an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm,we can keep on learning.Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life.However,we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos(自我),whether to loved ones,to fellow humans,to work,or to some moral concept.Many of us equate(视……等同于)“commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing.But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment.People who work toward such excellence—whether they are driving a truck,or running a store—make the world better just by being the kind of people they are.They’ve learned life’s most valuable lesson.51.The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that _______.
A.loss of freedom stimulates one’s creativity
B.age is not a barrier to achieving one’s goal
C.misery inspires a man to fight against his fate
D.disability cannot stop a man’s pursuit of success
52.What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.End one’s struggle for liberty.
B.Waste one’s energy taking risks.
C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.
D.Lose the interest to continue learning.
53.What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.
B.Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.
C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.
D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.
54.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.
B.A wise man can live without self-pity.
C.A man should try to satisfy people around him.
D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.
55.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.
B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.
C.To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.
D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.
【答案解析】
作者告诉我们:我们要有动力,充满好奇心,学会容忍,全身心付出,不断学习,只有这样我们才能过好成年生活。
51.选B。推理判断题。根据第一段的He is 53 years old.Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.以及第二段的And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days,while others go to seed long before?可知,他53岁了,大半生都是债务和不幸缠身,但他却写出名著《堂吉诃德》。根据这个故事作者提出问题:为什么有些人到死都在追求新的生命力和创新,而有些人很早就已经颓废了?由此可知,塞万提斯的故事表明年龄不是实现目标的障碍。
52.选D。词义猜测题。根据第三段的run out of steam所在的句子以及后面的内容可知,作者在此处表示:我们都知道那些在达到生命的中途之前就没有动力的人。我不是在说那些没有到顶层的人,我是在说那些停止学习的人。由此可以猜出run out of steam表示“失去动力,停止学习”。
53.选C。细节理解题。根据第四段的But,if we are willing to learn,the opportunities are everywhere.由此可知,但是如果我们愿意学习,机会到处都是。由此可知选C。
54.选D。段落大意题。第五段主要告诉我们:随着我们变成熟,我们学会了忍受不能改变的事情,我们学会不去自怜,我们学会了不去取悦他人,以前困扰我们的想法现在释然了。由此可知我们学会了更好地应对生活。故选D。
55.选A。写作意图题。根据前两段作者讲的塞万提斯的故事以及下文作者的观点可知,即使到了中年我们仍然能主动学习,全身心投入,过好成年生活。故选A。
(2019?天津3月卷?B)话题:真正的美来自内心 词数:434 难度:★★★
An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu(臭豆腐)settled onto my grandmother’s dinner table.I immediately sat back.The smell ruined my appetite,and I pushed the dish away.“It’s supposed to stink.Just give it a try!” my grandmother said.Holding my breath,I unwillingly took a bite.To my surprise,the tofu beneath the fried skin was warm,soft,and mouthwatering.Since then,whenever I visited my grandmother’s house,I would rush to the kitchen for the stinky tofu with excitement.Thus,stinky tofu became more than a household tradition.It became my favorite dish.Along with the stinky tofu,I would meet my Uncle Chan on every visit.As an immature boy,I never understood my uncle’s condition of Down syndrome(唐氏综合征).He was an unfriendly and terrible creature in my eyes.He constantly walked around the house,talking to himself.Whenever he was within view,I would run away in fear.However,one day,my view of my uncle suddenly changed.I was just getting out of my bed when I heard soft steps approaching.It was my uncle.My muscles froze.He slowly sat next to me and touched my face gently,as a mother would stroke (抚摸)a baby.A wide smile emerged from his blank expression.How beautiful his smile was! I could not help but smile back.My fear disappeared gradually,and my muscles relaxed.For the first time,I could see softness and warmth in his eyes.My uncle very much resembles stinky tofu.Stinky tofu smells unpleasant on the outside,yet feels warm and soft on the inside. Like stinky tofu, my uncle’s Down syndrome made me keep my distance at first.Yet,I learned that deep inside,he is harmless and has a loving nature.Some people tend to look down upon disabled people and regard them as unfit for a regular life.As I was unable to see through the outer surface of the tofu,these people are unable to see through the surface of prejudice(偏见).As a result,they judge the disabled with one glance.The outside and inside of the stinky tofu exist as two extremely different worlds.Perhaps that is what makes it such a tasty dish.Not only is it delicious,stinky tofu offers a valuable lesson: never judge people at first glance,for true beauty comes from the inside.41.Why did stinky tofu become the author’s favorite dish?
A.It was related to family tradition.
B.It turned out to be quite delicious.
C.Grandma encouraged him to try it.
D.His appetite for food had increased.
42.What did the author think of his uncle at first?
A.He was a quiet person.
B.He was an energetic guy.
C.He was an immature man.
D.He was a strange creature.
43.The author’s attitude towards Uncle Chan changed when_____________ .
A.Chan’s footsteps woke up the author
B.Chan showed his friendliness to the author
C.Chan displayed his love towards his mother
D.Chan’s blank expression made the author smile
44.The comparison between stinky tofu and the author’s uncle serves to___________
A.highlight the nature of Uncle Chan
B.analyze the family relationship
C.describe a childhood memory
D.introduce a traditional Chinese food
45.What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage?
A.We shouldn’t judge by appearances.
B.A person’s taste changes over time.
C.Blood is thicker than water.
D.You are what you eat.
【答案解析】
本文为夹叙夹议文。作者通过童年吃炸臭豆腐和了解患有唐氏综合征的叔叔的经历得出结论:不能以貌取人,真正的美来自于内心。
41.选B。细节理解题。根据第三段第二句话可知炸臭豆腐尝起来很好吃,所以成了作者最喜欢的菜,故选B。
42.选D。细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三、四句话可知作者起初认为他的叔叔很奇怪,故选D。
43.选B。细节理解题。根据第五段第四句到最后一句话可知应选B。
44.选A。推理判断题。根据第六段可知作者把臭豆腐与叔叔比较来强调Uncle Chan的本性,故选A。
45.选A。主旨大意题。纵观全文可知本文作者想表明不要以貌取人,故选A。