收录于话题
#最新试卷#高中部
2022-2023学年上海市华东师大二附中高一(上)期末英语试卷
1. _____nevereasy,innovationisabsolutelypossiblewithadequatetrainingandcontinuouspractice.( )
A. When B. As C. Since D. While
2. Thepace______comfortable,soIdecidedtostaywhereIwas,withMimnojustaheadofme.( )
A. wasfelt B. felt C. wasfeeling D. hadfelt
3. Thestudyshowspeople__________popularlow-carbohydratedietsrisk__________outonfiber.( )
A. adopting,tomiss B. toadopt,missing
C. adopting,missing D. toadopt;tomiss
4. __________halfwaythroughourexercise,theteacherchangedhermindandcollectedallourpapers.( )
A. Whenbeing B. Whenwewere C. Sincewewere D. Havingbeen
5. NoBritishChristmasdinneriscompletewithouttheiconicChristmaspudding,__________themeal,attheveryendofthemeal.( )
A. toserve B. serving C. served D. beingserved
6. __________,hestillcouldn'taffordit.( )
A. Cheapalthoughthejacketwas
B. Cheapasthejacketwas
C. Asthejacketwascheap
D. Nomatterhowcheapwasthejacket
7. AsitsaysinChina'sfamousnovelTheRomanceoftheThreeKingdoms,"Itisatruthuniversally__________thateverythinglong_____willfallapartandeverythinglong_____willcomebacktogetheragain."( )
A. acknowledging;uniting;dividing
B. acknowledged;beingunited;beingdivided
C. beingacknowledged;havingbeenunited;havingbeendivided
D. acknowledged;united;divided
8. FromchildhoodPicassoshowedastronginterestinpainting_____withhimthroughouthislife.( )
A. remained B. toremain
C. havingremained D. thatremained
9. Thecompanyhasnowintroducedapolicy_____payrisesarerelatedtoperformanceatwork.( )
A. where B. which C. whether D. what
10. ThemeetingwasheldinPittsburgh,aonce-prosperousUSindustrialcenternow_____dramaticjob-cutsbecauseofthecompetition_____byglobalization.( )
A. facing...bringingabout B. faced...broughtabout
C. faced...bringingabout D. facing...broughtabout
11. Thesunwasshiningbrightly,_____everythinginthedistance_____morebeautiful.( )
A. making...look B. tomake...looked
C. andmade...looking D. andmaking...looked
12. SoboldweretheChinese-AmericanarchitectIMPei'sdesignsthattheywereoftenregardedascontroversial,_____toshockthepublic.( )
A. intended B. intending
C. havingintended D. tobeintended
13. Wearegoingtospendthecomingspringfestivalin_____iscalled"alandofhoneyandmilk",_____livemygrandparentsandcloserelatives.( )
A. which...which B. what...which C. what...where D. where...where
14. Afteranumberofyearswithoutafrontleftfoot,theelephantwasgivenatemporaryartificialfoot_____andprepareherforapermanentdeviceshereceivedlastweek.( )
A. meanttostrengthen B. meaningtostrengthen
C. meantstrengthening D. tomeantostrengthen
15. Humanbeingsaredifferentfrom animals_____theycanuselanguageasatooltocommunicate.( )
A. inwhich B. inthat C. nowthat D. withwhich
16.
A.inhabitB.interactC.exhaustedD.reshapeE.stateF.fascinating G.finalistH.settledI.productivityJ.extremeK.agonizing |
PickingUptheWordoftheYear
Thestoryofayearissometimeseasytoidentify:thefinancialcrisisof2008,theBrexitTrumppopulistwaveof2016orthepandemicof2020.Themost(1) eventof2022hasbeenthewarinUkraine,yetthoseearlierstorieshavelingeredintheheadlines.Forlanguage-watchers,allthatmeantmuchnewvocabularytoconsider.
FacebookrenameditselfMetain2021andspentvastsumsin2022tryingtoactivatemetaverse,anonlineworldinwhichpeoplecan(2) viaavatarsandvirtual-realitygoggles.Insteadprofitsdroppedasthecompanystruggledeventogetitsemployeesto(3) itsmetaverse.Thewordwasa(n)(4) inOxfordDictionaries'WordoftheYearcontest,butwasnotselected.Perhapsanotheryear.Thisisstillaword(andaworld)lookingforusers.
Instead,Oxford'schoicethisyear—basedonapublicvote—wasgoblinmode,a(n)(5) inwhichpeopleindulgetheirlaziestormostselfishhabit.Afteryearsofcovid,recessionandinflation,peoplearetiredand(6) andfindingithardertokeepupappearances.ButanotherproductoftheCovideraisJohnson'swordoftheyear.
After,thelockoutsof2020,followed,in2021,byalowreturntotheoffice,2022wastheyearthathybridwork(7) in.Workingathomesomeofthetimehasadvantagesofdecongestingcitiesandfewerpainfulcommutes,anddisadvantageslikefearsoflower(8) combinedwithasenseofneverbeingoffduty.InthespringTwitterapolicyofunlimitedworkingformhomeforthosewhowantedit.WhenElonMuskboughtthecompanyhepromptlydecreedtheopposite.Butmostfirmshavenotgonetoeither(9) insteadtryingtofindthebestofbothworlds.
Asacoinage,hybridworkisnobeauty.Butitwill(10) cities,careers,familylifeandfreetime.Thatissufficientqualificationforawordoftheyear.
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FictionalBritishdetectiveSheriockHolmesisprobablyoneofthemostpopulardetectivesinliteraryhistory.Knownforhisbrilliantanalyticalskillsandabilitytodecipher(破译)complicatedclues,theconsultingdetectivehasbeendepictedonscreen254timesandevenholdstheGuinnessWorldRecordforthemost(1) literaryhumancharacterinfilm&TV.Hence,itisnotsurprisingtohearthattheRoyalMint,responsibleforproducingcoinsintheUnitedKingdom,has(2) theiconicdetectivewithacommemorativecoin.
ReleasedonMay22,2019,inhonorofcreatorSirArthurConanDoyle's160thbirthday,the50pence(75cent)coinfeaturesasilhouette(剪影)ofHolmes,(3) withthedetective'sfamousdeerstalkerhatandpipe,ononesideandQueenElizabethIIontheother.SurroundingHolmes'imagearesomeofhismostpopular(4) including,TheHoundoftheBaskervilles,TheSignoftheFour,TheValleyofFear,aswellasthedetective'sdebutnovel-TheStudyofScarlet.
Thetinyletteringofthe(5) ,whichrequireamoagnifyingglasstoread,mayseemlikeamistakecausedbytheattempttocramintoomuchinasmallspace.However,thecoin'sdesigner,SteveRaw,sayshedeliberatelyputthemallthereto(6) the"innerdetective"infans.Heexplains,"Naturally,theonlywaytosolve'themysteryofthetext'isbyusingthatessentialpieceofequipmentalwayscarriedbythebravedetective:amagnifyingglass."
TheRoyalMintplanstoputthe50pcoiningeneral(7) laterthisyear.(8) ,fanshopingtoaddasparklynewpiecetotheirSherlockHolmesmemorabilia(收藏品),canpurchaseanuncirculatedversionfor£10(﹩13)fromtheRoyalMint'swebsite.Also(9) are600limitededitionsilverproofcoinsfor£55(﹩70)eachand400limitededitiongoldproofcoinsfor£795(﹩1,000)each.
BorninEdinburgh,ScotlandonMay22,1859,Doylewasatraineddoctorrunningaclinic,beforediscoveringhispassionforwriting.Holmes'characterwasbasedonDr.JosephBell,arenownedforensic(法医的)scientistatEdinburghUniversity,whomDoyle(10) under.FollowingthetremendoussuccessofAStudyinScarlet,theimaginativeauthor(11) fournovelsand56shortstories,thelastin1927,(12) thedetectiveandhissidekick(助手),Dr.Watson.Inadditiontothescreenadaptations,Holmes,whosestoriescontinuetoentertainand(13) fansyoungandold,hasbeenfeaturedonradiodramas,livestage,andevencomputergames.
TheUnitedKingdom'sfuntraditionoffeaturingfictionalcharacterson(14) beganin2016,whentheRoyalMintcelebratedBeatrixPotter's150thbirthdaywithlimitededitioncoinsfeaturingcharactersfromtheauthor'siconicchildren'sstory,TheTaleofPeterRabbit.In2018,to(15) his60thbirthday,theadorablePaddingtonBearappearedonasetofcommemorativecoinsforpurchaseonthegovernmentagency'swebsite.Wewonderwhowillbenext!
17. A. needed B. portrayed C. boasted D. impressed
18. A. rewarded B. complimented C. honored D. awarded
19. A. compared B. complete C. covered D. content
20. A. plots B. subjects C. characters D. mysteries
21. A. characteristics B. illustrations
C. features D. titles
22. A. bringout B. bringabout C. bringup D. bringin
23. A. accessibility B. popularity C. circulation D. promotion
24. A. However B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Instead
25. A. commercial B. available C. necessary D. profitable
26. A. guided B. sought C. followed D. studied
27. A. adapted B. penned C. reviewed D. translated
28. A. overtaking B. quoting C. analyzing D. starring
29. A. fascinate B. instruct C. horrify D. energize
30. A. bill B. credit C. currency D. note
31. A. spend B. mark C. approach D. signal
R
AnexcerptfromShoesWereforSundaybyMollyWeir
Oneofthephraseswhichgreatlypuzzledmewas"entertainingangelsunaware".Howcouldanybodybeunawareofentertaininganangel,Ithought?Itneveroccurredtomethatangelicqualitiescouldhideunderveryordinaryvoicesandineverydaybodies.
Myangel,asitturnedout,hidinsidethelittlefigureofmyschool-teacher,MissMcKenzie.Tomeshewasalwaysalittleoldlady,withhergreyhairframingaroundrosyfaceandcaughtupinanold-fashionedbun(发髻)ontopofherhead.
AlthoughIenjoyedMissMcKenzie'sapproval,Ineverreallyfeltveryclosetoher.Itnever dawnedonmetoaskheradviceastowhatIshoulddowhenIleftschool.Surelytherewasonlyonethingtodo:getajobandearnmoneyasquicklyaspossible.ButMissMcKenziehadotherideas.Weinourhouseknewnothingofscholarshipsforfatherlesschildren. Theideaofachildfromaworking-classhouseholdgoingtocollegewastheverystuffofstory-books.
Unknowntous,sheforcedtheheadmastertoputmynameforwardforaspecialscholarshipopentochildrenwhoshowedsomepromise,andwhowouldbenefitfromfurthereducation.Heagreed,althoughhewasabitworriedabouttheexpenseofkeepingmeatcollegeforawholeyear.Noearningsfromme,andfaresandclothestobecovered,for,ofcourse,onlythefeeswouldbepaidifIwon.
MissMcKenziebrushedallargumentaside.TothisdayIcanremembermycompleteastonishmentwhen,onbeingaskedifshefeltIhadanyparticularqualities,thiselderlyteacherbangedthedeskwithherfist,anddeclaredinanAmericanidiomIneversuspectedsheknew,'I'dstakemybottomdollaronthisgirl!'
Itrembledatthepassioninhervoice,andatherfaithinme."WhatifIfailher?"Igaspedtomyself."WhatifshehastopayallthemoneybackifIletherdown?"Iknewwehadn'tasparedollartorepayanybody,andIwassickwithasenseofresponsibilityincaseImessedup.
Thetimeatcollegewentbyquickly.AttheendofmyyearatcollegeIwasabletolaybeforeherthecollegegoldmedalastheyear'stopstudentandawholepileofcertificates.
AndsuddenlyasIgazedather,andsawhereyesshiningwithpridebehindthegold-rimmedglasses,Irealizedhowwidelyshehadthrownopenthedoorofopportunityforme.AndIknewforthefirsttimewhatthephrase"entertainingangelsunaware"meant.Forthere,standingbeforemeinclass,wasmyveryownangel,MissMcKenzie.
32. Theauthor'sdescriptionofMissMcKenzieinparagraphs2and5aimsto .
A. explainwhyshealwayskeptasafedistancefromMissMcKenzie
B. contrasttheinnerqualitiesofMcKenziewithherhumbleappearance
C. emphasizethatsheandMissMcKenziebothcamefromanordinaryfamily
D. illustratetheinfluenceofthestrongfaithMissMcKenziehadinher
33. ItcanbeinferredfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3that .
A. itisunlikelyforchildrenfromanordinaryfamilytofurthertheirstudyincollege
B. goingtouniversitycanhelpthosefromworking-classclimbupthesocialladder
C. thosewhocanonlyreadstoriesdonotmeettheminimumrequirementofcollege
D. theauthorhadtheideaofgoingtocollegebecauseshewasinspiredbysomestories
34. InParagraph6,theauthorfelt whensheheardMissMcKenzie'spassionatevoice.
A. shockedandencouraged B. embarrassedandreluctant
C. uncertainandstressed D. worriedandpurposeful
35. Theauthor'smainpurposeofwritingthispassageisto .
A. recallherschooldaysandherpastachievements
B. expresshergratitudetooneofherschoolteachers
C. stresstheimportanceofequalaccesstoeducation
D. encouragereaderstofindtheangelsaroundthem
S
IndianHeroesandGreatChieftains
ThebookmainlypresentsuswiththeAmericanIndianleadersofthepast.ItfeaturesmanyprofilesandbiographiesincludingSittingBull,RedCloud,LittleCrowandLozenQuanahetc,writtenbyauthorCharlesEastman,andI'msureyouwillbeinterestedinit.

| Name:SittingBull Birth:1831 Death:12-15-1890 HewasagreatheroandisrespectedbymanyAmericanIndians.Ina1997documentary-TheGreatTribes,hewasknownasaholyman,acomposerofsongsandanartist.Underhim,theSiouxandCheyenneNationsunified.HewasadvisedtogoonaEuropeantourin1887,butheturneditdowntodefendthesetwonationsfrombeingseparatedagain.HeledhispeopleduringyearsofresistancetoUnitedStatesgovernmentpoliciesandwaskilledbyIndianagencypoliceontheStandingRockIndianReservation. |

| Name:CrazyHorse Birth:1842 Death:9-5-1877 CrazyHorsewasalegendarywarriorandagentleleaderaswellasabravemanwhostoodforthehighestidealoftheSioux,celebratedforhisbattleskillsaswellashiseffortstopreserveNativeAmericantraditionsandwayoflife.ResistingeffortstoforcetheSiouxontoreservations,hefoughtalongsideSittingBullandothersintheAmerican-IndianWars.CharlesEastmandescribedhiminhisbookIndianHeroesas"amanofdeedsandnotofwords". |

| Name:RedCloud Birth:1822 Death:12-10-1909 HewasagainstthemovementofthewhitesettlersintotheBlackHills.In1868,herefusedtosignatreaty,whichstatedthattheBlackHillsdidn'tbelongtopeople.Thetreatyalsostatedthattheseareascouldn'tbeentered withoutthegovernment'spermission.AccordingtoEastman'sbookIndianHeroes,hewassaidtohavefoughtagainstthetreaty,forcingthegovernmenttogiveinandpulloutofthearea |

| Name:LozenQuanah Birth:late1840sDeath:1890 KnownastheyoungestsisterofRedCloud,shedevotedherselftothepeople.ShewasdescribedinPeterAleshire'sWarriorWomanasaheroinegoodatridinghorsesandusingabowandarrow todriveattackersaway.Thisskillwasconsideredtobe"oneofthemosthonoredskillsamongtheIndians". |
36. WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutCrazyHorse?
A. Hewasfriendlytohissoldier. B. Heshowedgreatcourage.
C. Hewasagreatspeaker. D. Hevaluedtheconventions.
37. Fromthepassagewecaninferthat .
A. SittingBulldislikedtraveling
B. IndianHeroeswasabookonIndianhistory
C. inthe1880sIndiansoldiersweremainlyarmedwithbowsandarrows
D. inthe1850sIndianwomenwerenotallowedtoridehorses
38. Themainpurposeofthepassageisto .
A. showIndians'livestoreaders
B. describegreatIndianheroesandheroines
C. summarizethehistoryoftheIndians
D. introduceahistorybook
T
IntheearlydaysofCOVID-19,thetechindustrywasconsumedbyasenseofexcitement.Withbillionsofpeoplelockeddownathome,workandplaywereshiftingonline.Manyhopedthatthenewnormalwouldsparkahugeproductivityboomasfirmsdigitizedandworkersspentlesstimecommuting.Theexcitementwasmostevidentinstockmarkets,whereanyfirmrelatedtothistrendsawitssharepricesurge.Thetech-heavyNASDAQroseby88%.
Thecrazehasended.Todaythelockdownlunacyindex(疯狂指数)-whichincludesNetflix,astreamingservice;Peloton,amakeroffancyexercisebikes;Robinhood,astock-tradingapp;Shopify,ane-commerceplatform;andZoom,avideo conferencingfirm--hasfallenbymorethan80%fromitspeak.
HowworryingisthisreturntoEarth?Tobesure,someofitreflectsgloomierprospectsfortheglobaleconomy.Anditisdisappointingthattwoyearsofdigitizationandremoteworkhavenotprovidedclearevidenceofaproductivityboom.Yettherearereasonsstilltobetechno-optimistic.Muchoftheearlyenthusiasmmaysimplyhavebeenfocusedonthewrongtypesoffirm.Thoughthepandemicdarlingshave fizzled,theshifttowardsevergreaterdigitizationcontinues.Thetruewinnersarenottheflashyconsumer-techfirms,butthecompaniesthatprovidetheinfrastructuretoenablethisshift.
Lookbeyondtheboomandbustofconsumertech,andyouseetherealsuccesses.Themarketfortheinfrastructuretechnologythatunderpinspeople'sdailylives,suchascloudcomputing,cybersecurityanddigitalpayments,isbooming.Thecloud-computingindustryisexpectedtogrowtoalmost﹩500bnthisyear,upfrom﹩243bnin2019.Amazon'scloudoffering,thelargestintheworld,isstillgrowingat33%eachyear.Itaccountedforthree-quartersofthefirm'soperatingincomeoverthepast12months,andissupportingthetechgiant'sailing(困扰的)e-commercebusiness.
Cloudificationhascreatednewdemandsforcybersecurity,anothertechwinner.Thecombinedrevenueatthethreelargestlistedcybersecurityfirmshasalmostdoubledsincethestartofthepandemic.Theirmarketcapitalizationhastripled,andhascomedownonlyafractionsincethestartoftheyear.Digitalpaymentsareanotherbrightspot,thankstolockdownsandsocialdistancing.Three-quartersofiPhoneownersuseApplePay,upfromhalfin2019.andnineoutof tenAmericanretailersnowacceptitasapaymentmethod.Almost200mpeopleinIndiaandChinahaveusedsomeformofdigitalpaymentforthefirsttimesincetheonsetofCOVID.
Thebubblemayhaveburstonthepandemic'sdarlings,butthedrumbeatofdigitizationcontinues.ThelessobvioustechnologiesthatprovidetheunderlyinginfrastructurefortheshiftarethetruebeneficiariesofCOVID.Whetherthesewillfuelaproductivityboostonedayremainstobeseen.Buttherewasmoregoingonduringthepandemicthanlockdowncraze.
39. Accordingtothearticle,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?
A. Techindustrypredictedaproductivityboominthelockdown,whichprovedtrue.
B. Thesharepricesofcustomer-techcompaniessharplyrocketedandthendeclined.
C. Robinhoodisatechcompanyspecializinginmeetingdemandsforcybersecurity.
D. Theprospectsofthetechindustryaretoogloomytobeoptimistic.
40. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"fizzled"inparagraph3mean?
A. emerged B. benefited C. failed D. sustained
41. Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastthreeparagraphs?
A. Digitalpaymentwasn'tavailabletoIndiansatalluntilthestartof COVID.
B. Inthepastyear,Amazonhasmainlydependedonitse-commercebusinessforprofits.
C. Intheshiftofworkingonline,cloudificatiomisnolongeroptional.
D. Themarketcapitalizationofthreelargestlistedcybersecurityfirmshaskeptrising.
42. What'sthebesttitleofthearticle?
A. Techno-pessimistsRuletheLockdown
B. TheLockdownIndexSoundstheAlarm
C. EconomicDepressionIsArriving
D. TechLosersandWinnersofthePandemic
A.Thismeansthatit'snotthatmathitselfhurts;rather,theanticipationofmathispainful. B.Researchershavedevelopedamind-readingdevicethatcanretrieveimagesfromtheperson'smemorywiththehelpofbrainscans. C.Formoststudents,mathcanbetoughbutscientistshaveprovedthatmathproblemscanactuallytriggerphysicalpain. D.Usingabrain-scanmachine,scientistsnoticedthatwheneverpeoplefromGroupOnesawayellowcircle,theirbrainwouldrespondinawaysimilartowhentheirbodyisfeelingpain. E.Thehigheraperson'sanxietyofamathstask,themoreheactivatedbrainregionsassociatedwiththreatdetection,andtheexperienceofpain. F.Moststudents,especiallygirls,areextremelyscaredofmath. |
Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam?(1)
Scientistscametohisconclusionwithanin-depthexperiment,whichwaspublishedinthePublicLibraryofScienceOnejournal.Theybeganbyfindingouthowmuchparticipantsfearmath.Thoseinvolvedwereaskedaseriesofquestionssuchashowtheyfeelwhentheyreceiveamathtextbookorwhentheywalkintoamathlesson.
Basedontheiranswers,participantsweredividedintogroups.Onegroupwasmadeupofpeoplewhowereparticularlyafraidofmathandparticipantsintheothergroupweremorecomfortablewiththesubject.
Bothgroupswerethengiveneithermathtasksorwordtasks.Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenext,ayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocome,abluesquarewouldbeshown.(2) Itwaslikethepaintheywouldfee,forexample,iftheyburnttheirhandonahotstove.Buttheyreactedlessstronglywhentheyknewthattheywouldbefacedwithawordtask.
However,scientistssawnostrongbrainresponsefrompeopleinthesecondgroup.
Mathcanbedifficult,andforthosewithhighlevelsofmathematics-anxiety(HMA),mathisassociatedwithtension,apprehensionandfear."Whenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblems,yourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrong,"explainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicago,US,leaderofthestudy."(3) "
Moreinterestingly,thebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks."(4) "Lyonssaid.
Basedonthestudy,scientistssuggestedthatthingscouldbedonetohelpstudentsworrylessandmovepasttheirfearofmath,whichmightmeantheyperformbetterintests.
43. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
44. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
45. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
46. A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
47. t (adj.):respectedbecauseithasbeenusedordoneforalongtime
48. e (n):apersonwhohasseenacrime,accidentetc.
49. p (n.):awayofdoingsomething,esp.theusualorcorrectway
50. h (n.):aviolentstormwithverystrongwinds,esp,inthewesternAtlanticOcean
51. с (n.):aseriesofconnectedthingsorpeople
52. c (v.):toorganizeand/ordoaparticularactivity
53.
fadeaway;beinchargeof;bethreatenedwith;gothrough;takecover;hangon;checkout;showoff |
(1) Dr.Eisenbergemphasizedthatinadditiontoavoidingphysicalpunishment,"childrenshouldnever alossoflove"formisbehavior.
(2) Sheinsistsitwillnotbeintimidatingto anall-maleteam.
(3) Heisplayingawaitinggame.He aslongaspossibleuntilthepressureisoff.
(4) Theshoppers behindcarsasthegunmanfired.
(5) Thewinsandlossesthatonceseemedsoimportant .
(6) Romans,likemostItalians,areknowledgeableaboutfoodandlikenothingbetterthanto
theirculinaryskills.
(7) Ifyouareinterestedincomedy, SteveMartinandJerrySeinfeld'swritingson thetopic.
54. Fill in the blanks with the words according to the NCE Lesson 1-4.
●Fourdaysaftersettingout,whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywatersoftheNorthAtlantic,ahugeicebergwassuddenly(1) .
●Below,thecaptainrealizedtohishorrorthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly,forfiveofhersixteen(2) hadalreadybeenflooded.
●Notwantingto(3) ,Mrs.Richardsquicklyhidinthesmallstoreroomunderthestairs.Sheheardthefrontdooropenand(4) .
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
55. 线上元旦晚会旨在缓解学生压力、营造轻松氛围,得到了全校师生的鼎力支持。(whose)
56. 过去三年,我们齐心协力、共克时艰,始终相信:路虽远,行则将至。(as)
答案和解析
1.【答案】D
【解析】A.当…的时候;B.由于;C.既然;D.虽然.根据主句的意思可知从句要表示"尽管创新绝非易事",故D项正确.注意:as引导的让步状语从句要于倒装;
故选:D.
尽管创新绝非易事,但只要经过充足的训练和持续的实践,创新是绝对可能的.
对于状语从句的选题,首先熟记从属连词的意思,然后根据所给句子的意思和语境选答案.
2.【答案】B
【解析】考查时态。句意:这样的速度让我感觉很舒服,所以我决定留在原地,米姆诺就在我前面。分析句子,这里缺少谓语,feel为感官类系动词,意为"感觉起来",没有被动和进行。根据后面的decided可知是过去发生的事情,用一般过去时。
故选:B。
这样的速度让我感觉很舒服,所以我决定留在原地,米姆诺就在我前面。
学生要有扎实的语法知识基础,分析句子,选择正确的答案。
3.【答案】C
【解析】adopt"采用",与people之间是主谓关系,用现在分词短语作后置定语;第二空:risk后接动词时用动名词形式。C项正确。
故选:C。
研究表明,采用流行的低碳水化合物饮食的人可能会错过纤维。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语,弄清楚现在分词的构成,时态与语态,然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案。
4.【答案】B
【解析】分析句子结构可知,前后两个句子的主语不同,不可用非谓语动词作状语,排除A、D项;根据句意"当我们练习到一半时",要用when引导时间状语从句,排除C项,只有B项正确。
故选:B。
当我们练习到一半时,老师改变了主意,把我们所有的试卷都收了起来。
考查时间状语从句,弄清楚哪些连词引导时间状语从句及一些时间状语从句的特殊结构,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
5.【答案】C
【解析】pudding与serve之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词作定语。C项正确。
故选:C。
没有标志性的圣诞布丁,英式圣诞晚餐就不完整。
考查非谓语动词。它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。因此关键看它和句子主语之间的关系。如果是和句子主语之间构成主动关系,使用现在分词,若构成被动关系,使用过去分词。若表目的,使用不定式。
6.【答案】B
【解析】分析句子和选项可知,本句是让步状语从句,使用形容词+as+主谓,表示转折关系,这时应该使用倒装句结构。
故选:B。
虽然这个夹克很便宜,他仍然不能负担得起.
as表示"尽管;虽然",只能用于倒装句,即:将表语、状语或谓语动词放在as之前。though也可这么用。
7.【答案】D
【解析】acknowledge"承认",与truth之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词短语作后置定语;unite"联合",与everything之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词短语作后置定语;divide"划分",与everything之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词短语作后置定语。D项正确。
故选:D。
中国著名小说《三国演义》说:"合而必散,散而必合,这是举世公认的真理。"
考查非谓语动词。它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。因此关键看它和句子主语之间的关系。如果是和句子主语之间构成主动关系,使用现在分词,若构成被动关系,使用过去分词。若表目的,使用不定式。
8.【答案】D
【解析】先行词interest在定语从句中作主语,指事,用关系代词which/that引导从句。D项正确。
故选:D。
毕加索从小就表现出对绘画的浓厚兴趣,这种兴趣伴随他一生。
考查定语从句,要搞清楚句子成分,找出从句的先行词及从句与先行词之间的逻辑关系,把主句与从句分别翻译出来,然后依照逻辑关系把句子衔接起来。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when ,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语,就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得用关系副词来连接从句。
9.【答案】A
【解析】先行词policy在定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导从句,相当于in which。A项正确。
故选:A。
公司现在出台一项政策,内容是涨工资由个人的工作表现决定。
考查定语从句,要搞清楚句子成分,找出从句的先行词及从句与先行词之间的逻辑关系,把主句与从句分别翻译出来,然后依照逻辑关系把句子衔接起来。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when ,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。如果该从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语或定语,就要用关系代词来连接从句;如果从句中缺少状语,就得用关系副词来连接从句。
10.【答案】D
【解析】face"面临"与center之间是主谓关系,用现在分词短语作后置定语;bring about"带来",与competition之间是动宾关系,用过去分词短语作后置定语。D项正确。
故选:D。
会议在匹兹堡举行,这里曾经是美国繁荣的工业中心,由于全球化带来的竞争,现在面临着大幅裁员。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语,弄清楚现在分词的构成,时态与语态,然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案。
11.【答案】A
【解析】第一空:sun与make之间是主谓关系,为非谓语动词,用现在分词短语作状语;第二空:make后接不带to的动词不定式。A项正确。
故选:A。
阳光灿烂,使远处的一切看起来更加美丽。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用,在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语,弄清楚现在分词的构成,时态与语态,然后根据题意及上下文选择最合适的答案。
12.【答案】A
【解析】intend"想要,打算",与they之间是动宾关系,为非谓语动词,用过去分词短语作状语。A项正确。
故选:A。
华裔美国建筑师贝聿铭的设计是如此大胆,以至于常常被认为是有争议的,意在震惊公众。
考查非谓语动词。它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。因此关键看它和句子主语之间的关系。如果是和句子主语之间构成主动关系,使用现在分词,若构成被动关系,使用过去分词。若表目的,使用不定式。
13.【答案】C
【解析】第一空:in后宾语从句中缺少主语,用what作其主语,相当于the place which;第二空:先行词alandofhoneyandmilk在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语,用关系副词where引导从句。C项正确。
项正确。
故选:C。
我们要去所谓的"蜜奶之乡"过春节,那里住着我的祖父母和近亲。
考查宾语从句,弄清楚哪些连词引导宾语从句及一些宾语从句的特殊结构,准确地翻译句子及备选答案,然后选择最符合题意的选项。
14.【答案】A
【解析】foot与mean之间是动宾关系,要用过去分词短语作后置定语,mean to do sth.打算或企图做某事,主语通常表示人;mean doing sth.意味着……,其主语通常是指事物的词。此处应是前者。A项正确。
故选:A。
多年来,这只大象的左脚前脚都没有了,她被装上了一只临时的人工脚,这是为了支撑她的身体,并为她上周接受的永久性装置做准备。
考查非谓语动词。它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。因此关键看它和句子主语之间的关系。如果是和句子主语之间构成主动关系,使用现在分词,若构成被动关系,使用过去分词。若表目的,使用不定式。
15.【答案】B
【解析】根据句意可知此句是原因状语从句,只有B选项能作为状语从句的连接词,that后可以接一个从句,而 which一定要在从句中充当成分,纵观整个从句,不缺成分,用that引导。in that相当于连词because。now that表示"既然",语意不通。
故选:B。
人类不同于动物因为人类可以利用语言来作为交流工具。
高考会把名词性从句与定语从句结合在一起,学生要有扎实的语法知识基础,分析句子,选择正确的关系词或引导词。
16.【答案】【小题1】F
【小题2】B
【小题3】A
【小题4】G
【小题5】E
【小题6】C
【小题7】H
【小题8】I
【小题9】J
【小题10】D
【解析】(1)考查形容词。根据句意"2022年最引人注目的事件是乌克兰战争,但这些早些时候的故事一直在头条新闻中徘徊。"可知要填的词为"fascinating吸引人的",形容词作定语修饰名词,故选F。
(2)考查动词作谓语。根据句意"Facebook在2021年将自己更名为Meta,并在2022年投入巨资试图激活元世界,在这个在线世界中,人们可以通过化身和虚拟现实眼镜进行互动。"可知要填的词为"interact互动",前面有情态动词,所以用动词原形,故选B。
(3)考查动词不定式。根据句意"相反,由于公司甚至难以让员工进入其元宇宙,利润出现了下降。"可知要填的词为"inhabit栖居于",get sb.to do sth."使某人做某事",已给出to,所以用动词原形,故选A。
(4)考查可数名词的单数。根据句意"这个词曾入围《牛津词典》年度词汇评选,但最终落选。"可知要填的词为"finalist决赛",前面有不定冠词,所以用名词单数,故选G。
(5)考查可数名词的单数。根据句意"相反,根据公众投票,牛津大学今年选择了"摆烂模式"(goblin mode),指人们沉溺于自己最懒惰或最自私的习惯的状态。"可知要填的词为"state状态",前面有不定冠词,所以用名词单数,故选E。
(6)考查形容词。根据句意"在经历了多年的新冠疫情、经济衰退和通货膨胀后,人们感到疲惫不堪,很难保持良好的形象。"可知要填的词为"exhausted疲惫的",形容词作表语,故选C。
(7)考查动词时态。根据句意"在2020年的停摆之后,在2021年,办公室的回报率很低,2022年是混合工作的一年。"可知要填的词为"settled稳定下来",描述过去的事情,所以用一般过去时态,故选H。
(8)考查不可数名词。根据句意"有时在家工作有好处,可以缓解城市的拥挤,减少痛苦的通勤,也有坏处,比如担心生产率下降,同时有永远不下班的感觉。"可知要填的词为"productivity生产效率",为不可数名词作介词的宾语,故选I。
(9)考查固定搭配。根据句意"但大多数公司并没有走到任何一个极端,而是试图在两个世界中找到最好的。"可知要填的词为"extreme极端"构成固定搭配go to extreme"走极端",故选J。
(10)考查动词作谓语根据句意"但它将重塑城市、职业、家庭生活和空闲时间。"可知要填的词为"reshape重塑",前面有will,所以用动词原形,故选D。
这是一篇说明文,主要讲述了"goblin mode摆烂模式"获得年度词汇的原因。
如何做选词填空
1.根据语法,判断词性
一般的空缺都可以通过其所在的句式结构和句法成分来判断其词性,从而正确的选词,进一步缩小词的选择范围。
2.利用语境,确定词形
当确定了一个单词的词性后,可通过上下文来帮助判断其形式,如主谓一致,动词的时态,语态,固定短语,名词的数和所有格,形容词,副词的比较级等。
17~31.【答案】B、C、B、D、D、A、C、A、B、D、B、D、A、C、B
【解析】(1)考查动词及语境理解。A.needed需要;B.portrayed描绘;C.boasted吹嘘;D.impressed给……留下印象。句意:这位咨询侦探以其出色的分析能力和破译复杂线索的能力而闻名,他在银幕上被描绘了254次,甚至还保持了电影和电视中最具文学性人物的吉尼斯世界纪录。根据下文"literary human character in film & TV",可知福尔摩斯被搬上银幕,在银幕上被描绘了254次,故选B。
(2)考查动词及语境理解。A.rewarded回报;B.complimented赞扬;C.honored荣誉,纪念;D.awarded奖励。句意:因此,英国皇家铸币局(Royal Mint)为这位侦探颁发了一枚纪念币,这不足为奇。根据上文".Known for his brilliant analytical skills and ability to decipher(破译)complicated clues,the consulting detective has been depicted on screen 254 times and even holds the Guinness WorldRecord for the most(1)literary human character in film & TV."可知鉴于福尔摩斯的巨大影响和成就,英国铸币局发行纪念币以纪念这位伟大的侦探。故选C。
(3)考查形容词及语境理解。A.compared比较;B.complete完成的,配套的;C.covered覆盖的;D.content满足的,满意的,知足的。句意:这枚50便士(75美分)硬币于2019年5月22日发行,以纪念创作者亚瑟?柯南?道尔爵士(Sir Arthur Conan Doyle)的160岁生日,硬币的一面是福尔摩斯的剪影,另一面是女王伊丽莎白二世(Queen Elizabeth II)。此处构成固定短语completewith包括,具有配套的,故选B。
(4)考查名词及语境理解。A.plots情节;B.subjects主题;C.characters人物;D.mysteries谜团,疑案小说。句意:围绕福尔摩斯的形象是他最受欢迎的疑案小说,包括《巴斯克维尔的猎犬》、《四人的标志》、《恐惧谷》,以及这位侦探的处女作《猩红研究》。根据下文"The Hound of the Baskervilles,The Sign of the Four,The Valley of Fear,as well as the detective's debut novel-The Study of Scarlet",可知此处说的是福尔摩斯的作品,故选D。
(5)考查名词及语境理解。A.characteristics特征;B.illustrations插图;C.features特征;D.titles标题,名称。句意:标题的微小字体需要一个烟雾化的玻璃才能阅读,这看起来可能是因为试图在一个小空间里塞进太多东西而导致的错误。根据上文"The tiny lettering",可知此处指的是上文中提到的基本小说的名称,故选D。
(6)考查动词短语及语境理解。A.bring out出版,推出,激发;B.bring about产生;C.bring up抚养;D.bring in引进。句意:然而,硬币的设计者史蒂夫?劳夫(Steve Raw)表示,他故意把它们都放在那里,是为了激发粉丝们"内心的侦探"。根据下文"the "inner detective" in fans",可知此处应使用bring out推出,激发,符合语境,故选A。
(7)考查名词及语境理解。A.accessibility可达(及)性,可(易)接近性;B.popularity普及;C.circulation流通;D.promotion推广,促销。句意:英国皇家铸币局计划在今年晚些时候发行50便士硬币。根据上文"Hence,it is not surprising to hear that the Royal Mint,responsible for producing coins in the United Kingdom,has(2)the iconic detective with a commemorative coin."可知英国皇家铸币局是发行这款硬币,固定短语put sth in circulation使某物流通,故选C。
(8)考查副词及语境理解。A.However然而;B.Therefore因此;C.Furthermore此外;D.Instead相反。句意:然而,希望在《福尔摩斯探案》系列中增加一个新版本的粉丝也可以从皇家铸币局的网站上以10英镑的价格买到一个未发行的版本。根据下文"fans hoping to add a sparkly new piece to their Sherlock Holmes memorabilia (收藏品) "可知英国皇家铸币局计划在今年晚些时候发行50便士硬币这件事不能满足粉丝们的要求,此处表示转折,故选A。
(9)考查形容词及语境理解。A.commercial商业的;B.available可用的;C.necessary必要的;D.profitable有利可图的。句意:也有600枚限量版银证明币,每张55英镑,400枚限量版金证明币,每份795英镑。根据下文"600 limited edition silver proof coins for £55 (﹩ 70)each and 400 limited edition gold proof coins for £795 (﹩ 1,000)each."可知此处表示纪念币有不同种类,粉丝们可以购买的到。故选B。
(10)考查动词及语境理解。A.guided引导;B.sought寻求;C.followed跟随;D.studied研究,学习。句意:福尔摩斯的人物以约瑟夫?贝尔为原型,他是一位聪明的科学家,擅长观察和解决犯罪问题,柯南?道尔曾在他手下学习。根据上文"Holmes'character was based on Dr.Joseph Bell,a renowned forensic(法医的) scientist at Edinburgh University"可知柯南?道尔曾经跟随约瑟夫?贝尔学习,故选D。
(11)考查动词及语境理解。A.adapted改编;B.penned撰写;C.reviewed审查,复习;D.translated翻译。句意:在《猩红研究》取得巨大成功之后,这位富有想象力的作家写了四部小说和56部短篇小说。根据下文"four novels and 56 short stories",可知此处表达的是"写小说",故选B。
(12)考查动词及语境理解。A.overtaking超越;B.quoting引用;C.analyzing分析;D.starring主演。句意:在《猩红研究》取得巨大成功之后,这位富有想象力的作家写了四部小说和56部短篇小说,最后一部是在1927年,主演了侦探和他的助手沃森博士主演。根据上文"Following the tremendous success of A Study in Scarlet"可知此处介绍的是这位伟大的作家的成就,不仅写书还主演了小说里的人物,故选D。
(13)考查动词及语境理解。A.fascinate使……着迷;B.instruct指导;C.horrify使……感到恐怖;D.energize使……精力充沛。句意:除了改编电影外,福尔摩斯的故事继续吸引着年轻人和老年人,并在广播剧、现场舞台甚至电脑游戏中出现。根据上文"whose stories continue to entertain",可知福尔摩斯的小说一直吸引着各个年龄阶段的人群,故选A。
(14)考查名词及语境理解。A.bill账单;B.credit信贷;C.currency货币;D.note便条,笔记。句意:英国在货币上刻画虚构人物的有趣传统始于2016年,当时英国皇家铸币局(Royal Mint)用限量版硬币庆祝了比阿特丽克斯?波特(Beatrix Potter)的150岁生日,硬币上的人物来自作者的标志性儿童故事《彼得兔的故事》(The Tale of Peter Rabbit)。根据下文"when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter's 150th birthday with limited edition coins featuring characters from the author's iconic children's story",可知此处表示使用硬币纪念人物,故选C。
(15)考查动词及语境理解。A.spend花费;B.mark标记;C.approach接近;D.signal发出信号。句意:2018年,为了庆祝他的60岁生日,可爱的帕丁顿熊出现在政府机构网站上的一套纪念币上。我们不知道下一个会是谁!根据上文"when the Royal Mint celebrated Beatrix Potter's 150th birthday",可知此处表达的是"庆祝生日",故选B。
这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了福尔摩斯在英国的文学史上有很重要的地位,因此,英国的皇家铸币厂为这位侦探颁发了一枚纪念币。根据英国皇家铸币厂的计划,人们可以获得各种币值的福尔摩斯纪念币。
完形填空是在单项填空的基础上发展起来的介于单项填空和阅读理解之间的一种题型。它题材广泛,体裁多样。文章内容新颖、有趣、可读性强,具有鲜明的时代感,包括社会生活、风土人情、人文环境、人物传记等。
32~35.【答案】D、D、A、C
【解析】(1)写作目的题。根据原文第二段My angel,as it turned out,hid inside the little figure of my school-teacher,Miss McKenzie.(事实证明,我的天使藏在我的学校老师麦肯齐小姐的小身影里)以及第五段To this day I can remember my complete astonishment when,on being asked if she felt I had any particular qualities,this elderly teacher banged the desk with her fist(直到今天,当我被问及是否觉得我有什么特别的品质时,这位年长的老师用拳头猛击桌子)可知作者在第2和第5段中对麦肯齐小姐的描述旨在说明麦肯齐小姐对她的坚定信念的影响。故选D。
(2)句意理解题。根据原文第三段Surelytherewasonlyonethingtodo:getajobandearnmoneyasquicklyaspossible.ButMissMcKenziehadotherideas.Weinourhouseknewnothingofscholarshipsforfatherlesschildren.(当然,只有一件事要做:尽快找到工作并挣钱。但麦肯齐女士有其他想法。我们家里人对为孤儿提供奖学金一无所知。)可知下划线句子从第3段中带下划线的句子 Theideaofachildfromaworking-classhouseholdgoingtocollegewastheverystuffofstory-books.的意思是:一个来自工人阶级家庭的孩子上大学的想法是故事书中最重要的东西。可以推断出作者有上大学的想法,因为她受到一些故事的启发。故选D。
(3)情感态度题。根据原文第六段I trembled at the passion in her voice,and at her faith in me.(我为她声音中的激情和她对我的信任而颤抖)可知作者听到麦肯齐小姐充满激情的声音时感到既震惊有受到鼓舞。A.shockedandencouraged震惊和受到鼓舞的;B.embarrassedandreluctant尴尬和不情愿的;C.uncertainandstressed不确定和有压力的;D.worriedandpurposeful担忧和有目的。故选A。
(4)写作目的题。根据原文最后一段And suddenly as I gazed at her,and saw her eyes shining with pride behind the gold-rimmed glasses,I realized how widely she had thrown open the door of opportunity for me.(突然,当我凝视着她,看到她戴着金边眼镜的眼睛里闪烁着自豪的光芒时,我意识到她为我敞开了机会的大门。)可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是向她的一位学校老师表示感谢。故选C。
本文是一篇记叙文,介绍了作者上学时期遇到的像天使一样的麦肯齐老师,作者非常感谢麦肯齐老师鼓励。
1.直接信息题:直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息,选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目。
2.间接信息题:间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息,但在语言表达上与原文有差异,做题时需要对原文信息进行转换。
3.综合信息题:综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话,可能是原文的几句话,或者是散落在文章不同的地方,要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析。
36~38.【答案】C、B、C
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二个表格中的ResistingeffortstoforcetheSiouxontoreservations,hefoughtalongsideSittingBullandothersintheAmerican-IndianWars(为了抵抗苏族在保留地的压迫,他和坐牛等人一起参加了美洲印第安人战争)可知他一个实干的人,而不是言语的人,他并不健谈。故选C。
(2)细节理解题。根据表格上方的ThebookmainlypresentsuswiththeAmericanIndianleadersofthepast.ItfeaturesmanyprofilesandbiographiesincludingSittingBull(这本书主要向我们展示了过去的美国印第安人领袖。它有许多简介和传记,包括坐公牛)可知印度英雄是一本关于印度历史的书。故选B。
(3)细节理解题。根据表格上方的ThebookmainlypresentsuswiththeAmericanIndianleadersofthepast.ItfeaturesmanyprofilesandbiographiesincludingSittingBull((这本书主要向我们展示了过去的美国印第安人领袖。它有许多简介和传记,包括坐公牛))可知这篇文章的主要目的是展示印第安人的历史。故选C。
本文属于应用文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了书本印度英雄和大酋长展示了印第安人的历史,吸引更多人去读。
考查学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择。在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。
39~42.【答案】B、C、C、D
【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第四段Look beyond the boom and bust of consumer tech,and you see the real successes. (透过消费型科技的繁荣与萧条,你会看到真正的成功。)可知消费型科技公司经历了繁荣和萧条;结合第一段The excitement was most evident in stock-markets,where any firm related to this trend saw its share price surge.(这种兴奋在股市上表现得最为明显,任何与这种趋势相关的公司的股价都出现了飙升。)和第二段The crazy has ended.Today the lockdown lunacy index(疯狂指数)—which includes Netflix,a streaming service;Peloton,a maker of fancy exercise bikes;Robin-hood,a stock-trading app;Shopify,and e-commerce platform;and Zoom,a videoconferencing firm - has fallen by more than 80% from its peak.(这种狂热已经结束。如今,包括流媒体服务Netflix、高档健身自行车制造商Peloton、股票交易应用Robinhood、电商平台Shopify以及视频会议公司Zoom在内的"封锁疯狂指数"的股价已经从最高点下跌了80%以上。)可知消费型科技公司的股价大幅飙升,然后下跌。故选B。
(2)词义猜测题。根据第三段Though the pandemic darlings have fizzled,the shift towards ever greater digitization continues.The true winners are not the flashy consumer-tech firms,but the companies that provide the infrastructure to enable this shift.(尽管大流行的宠儿已经 fizzled,但向越来越大的数字化的转变仍在继续。真正的赢家不是那些华而不实的消费科技公司,而是那些提供基础设施以实现这一转变的公司。)以及第四段Look beyond the boom and bust of consumer tech,and you see the real successes.(透过消费型科技的繁荣与萧条,你会看到真正的成功。)可知句中的"the pandemic darlings"指的是在疫情期间股价疯涨后又下跌的消费型科技公司,再结合划线词所在句子中的"though"以及主句"the shift towards ever greater digitization continues."可推知 fizzled在句中意思与"the real successes"相反,所以C选项fail"失败"符合句意,A.emerged出现;B.benefited受益;C.failed失败;D.sustained持续。故选C。
(3)推理判断题。根据第四段The market for the infrastructure technology that underpins people's daily lives,such as cloud computing,cyber-security and digital payments,is booming. (云计算、网络安全和数字支付等支撑人们日常生活的基础设施技术市场正在蓬勃发展。)可知云计算是支撑人们日常生活的技术设施技术;结合最后一段The bubble may have burst on the pandemic's darlings,but the drumbeat of digitization continues.The less obvious technologies that provide the underlying infrastructure for the shift are the true beneficiaries of covid.Whether these will fuel a productivity boost one day remains to be seen.But there was more going on during the pandemic than lockdown crazy. (对疫情宠儿的泡沫可能已经破灭,但数字化的鼓声仍在继续。那些不那么引人注目的技术为这一转变提供了基础设施,它们才是新冠肺炎的真正受益者。这些是否会在将来的某一天推动生产力的提高,还有待观察。但疫情期间发生的不仅仅是封锁的疯狂行为。)可知数字化的转变离不开云计算等基础设施技术,故选C。
(4)标题归纳题。根据第一段In the early days of covid-19,the tech industry was consumed by a sense of excitement. (在新冠肺炎疫情初期,科技行业沉浸在一种狂喜中。)以及第三段最Though the pandemic darlings have fizzled,the shift towards ever greater digitization continues.The true winners are not the flashy consumer-tech firms,but the companies that provide the infrastructure to enable this shift.(虽然流行的宠儿已经失败了,但向更大规模数字化的转变仍在继续。真正的赢家不是那些华而不实的消费科技公司,而是那些为实现这种转变提供基础设施的公司。)以及文章中关于消费型科技公司和基础设施技术公司的详细对比,可知文章主要介绍了疫情下消费型科技公司的暴涨暴跌和提供基础设施技术公司的真正繁荣,所以D选项"Tech Losers and Winners of the Pandemic.(疫情下的技术赢家和输家)"作为标题能够概括全文,故选D。
这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了新冠疫情下技术赢家和输家,在消费型科技公司在经历繁荣又转向萧条时,支撑日常生活的基础设施技术公司在蓬勃发展。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力,要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系,对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断;或根据作者所阐述的观点理论,对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文,完整了解信息,准确把握作者观点。
43~46.【答案】C、D、E、A
【解析】1-4 CDEA
1.C.细节理解题.根据前文"Doessolvingamathproblemgiveyouaheadache?Doyoufeelnervouswhenyousitamathexam"解数学题会让你头疼吗?当你参加数学考试时,你会感到紧张吗.可知此处应填"对大多数学生来说,数学可能很难,但科学家已经证明,数学问题实际上会引发身体疼痛".故选C.
2.D.细节理解题.根据前文"Whenamathtaskwasgoingtocomenext,ayellowcirclewouldappearbutwhenawordtaskwassoontocome,abluesquarewouldbeshown当一个数学任务即将到来的时候,一个黄色的圆圈会出现,但是当一个单词任务即将到来的时候,一个蓝色的方块会出现".可知此处应填"通过使用脑部扫描设备,科学家们注意到,每当第一组的人看到一个黄色圆圈时,他们的大脑会做出类似于身体感到疼痛时的反应".故选D.
3.E.细节理解题.根据前文"Whenyouarereallythinkingaboutthemathproblems,yourmindisracingandyouareworryingaboutallthethingsthatcouldgowrong,"explainedIanLyonsfromUniversityofChicago,US,leaderofthestudy当你真的在思考数学题时,你的大脑在飞速运转,你在担心所有可能出错的事情,"来自美国芝加哥大学的伊恩?莱昂斯解释道,他是这项研究的负责人".可知此处应填"一个人对一项数学任务的焦虑程度越高,他激活的与威胁检测和疼痛体验相关的大脑区域就越多".故选E.
4.A.细节理解题.根据前文" Moreinterestingly,thebrainactivitydisappearedwhenparticipantsactuallystarteddealingwiththemathtasks更有趣的是,当参与者真正开始处理数学任务时,他们的大脑活动消失了".可知此处应填"这意味着,并不是数学本身让人痛苦,而是对数学的期待让人痛苦".故选A.
解决一个数学问题给你头痛吗?你感到紧张当你坐一个数学考试吗?对于大多数学生来说,数学很困难但是科学家已经证明数学问题可以引发身体疼痛.本文以此展开谈论,主要讲述了数学问题可以引发身体疼痛的一些研究.
英语阅读理解细节题具体方法与步骤:
①排除干扰项,突出主题.事实细节题的设计干扰项一般都是某一细节的错误叙述与论断,可先排除干扰项.
②按文章的体裁,作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词,如for example ,first ,second..等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实.
③快速通篇跳读,自左至右,自上而下呈Z形扫视,直到找到细节出处,待找到含细节句子时,放慢速度,仔细核对比较内容,直至找到答案.
④注意识别指代词语.为避免重复,文章中对多次提及的事物或现象会使用不同的词语,如同义词、近义词、代词等.
47.【答案】ime-honoured
【解析】根据英文释义"因为它已经被使用或做了很长时间而被尊敬"并结合首字母可知填形容词time-honoured"古老而受到尊重的;由来已久的"。例如:Thisisatime-honouredcustom.这种风俗由来已久。
故填:time-honoured。
time-honoured古老而受到尊重的;由来已久的
考查单词、词组。要熟记单词、词组的词义及拼写,正确写出单词、词组。
48.【答案】yewitness
【解析】根据首字母及英文释义可知,名词eyewitness符合题意。例如:Eyewitnessessaythepolicethenopenedfireonthecrowd.目击者称警察随后向人群开火。
故填:eyewitness。
目击者:见过犯罪、事故等的人
考查单词、词组。要熟记单词、词组的词义及拼写,正确写出单词、词组。
49.【答案】attern
【解析】根据首字母及英文释义可知,名词pattern符合题意。例如:Morningsinourhousealwaysfollowasetpattern.在我们家,每天上午的生活总是遵循一种固定的模式。
故填:pattern。
模式:做事的方式,尤指通常的或正确的方式
考查单词、词组。要熟记单词、词组的词义及拼写,正确写出单词、词组。
50.【答案】urricane
【解析】根据首字母及英文释义可知,名词hurricane符合题意。例如:Hurricane Betty is now approaching the coast of Florida.飓风贝蒂正在逼近佛罗里达海岸。
故填:hurricane。
飓风:一种强风的猛烈风暴,尤指在大西洋西部
考查单词、词组。要熟记单词、词组的词义及拼写,正确写出单词、词组。
51.【答案】hain
【解析】aseriesofconnectedthingsorpeople意为"一系列相关的事物或人"对应的单词是chain意为"一系列,一连串(人或事)"。例如:Thechainofeventsmightleadtoanotherwar.这一连串事件或许会导致又一场战争。
故填:chain。
一系列相关的事物或人---一系列,一连串(人或事)
考查单词、词组的翻译,要熟记他们的汉语意思,并结合题目要求写出正确的单词或词义。
52.【答案】onduct
【解析】根据词意结合首字母,考虑conduct"组织,安排,实施或者组织或开展特定活动"。
故填:conduct。
组织或开展特定活动
根据所给汉语,明确句子所要考查的单词或短语的拼写。
53.【答案】【小题1】bethreatenedwith
【小题2】beinchargeof
【小题3】will hangon
【小题4】tookcover
【小题5】will fade away
【小题6】showoff
【小题7】checkout
【解析】(1)考查固定短语。句意:艾森伯格博士强调,除了避免体罚外,"孩子们绝不应该因为行为不端而受到失去爱的威胁"。根据句意可知表示"受到......的威胁",用固定短语bethreatenedwith,should后用动词原形,故填bethreatenedwith。
(2)考查固定短语。句意:她坚持认为,掌管一支全男性球队不会让她感到害怕。根据句意可知表示"掌管",用固定短语beinchargeof,这里是动词不定式作主语,to后用动词原形,故填beinchargeof。
(3)考查动词短语。句意:他玩的是拖延战术。他将尽可能地拖下去,直到压力消除为止。根据句意可知表示"坚持;拖下去",用固定短语hangon,根据主将从现的原则,可知主句用一般将来时,故填will hangon。
(4)考查动词短语。句意:枪手开枪时,购物者躲在汽车后面。根据句意可知表示"躲避",用固定短语takecover,前后时态一致,用一般过去时,故填tookcover。
(5)考查动词短语。句意:曾经看起来如此重要的那些输赢会逐渐消失。根据句意可知表示"消退;消失",用固定短语fade away,根据句意可知用一般将来时,故填will fade away。
(6)考查动词短语。句意:罗马人和大多数意大利人一样,对食物很了解,最喜欢的莫过于炫耀他们的厨艺。根据句意可知表示"炫耀",用固定短语showoff,这里是动词不定式,故填showoff。
(7)考查动词短语。句意:如果你对喜剧感兴趣,可以查查史蒂夫?马丁和杰里?宋飞关于这个话题的著作。根据句意可知表示"查查(自己感兴趣的东西)",用固定短语checkout,这是祈使句,用动词原形开头,故填checkout。
(1)艾森伯格博士强调,除了避免体罚外,"孩子们绝不应该因为行为不端而受到失去爱的威胁"。
(2)她坚持认为,掌管一支全男性球队不会让她感到害怕。
(3)他玩的是拖延战术。他将尽可能地拖下去,直到压力消除为止。
(4)枪手开枪时,购物者躲在汽车后面。
(5)曾经看起来如此重要的那些输赢会逐渐消失。
(6)罗马人和大多数意大利人一样,对食物很了解,最喜欢的莫过于炫耀他们的厨艺。
(7)如果你对喜剧感兴趣,可以查查史蒂夫?马丁和杰里?宋飞关于这个话题的著作。
选择合适的单词或者短语主要的依据是句子的含义,我们往往会根据空格前后的句子,短语和单词来选出合适的短语;同时还要注意使用短语的正确形式,特别是动词短语,首先要判断是做谓语还是非谓语,如果是谓语动词要注意时态和语态,如果是非谓语动词,要注意判断所做的句子成分,从而选用正确的非谓语动词的形式。
54.【答案】【小题1】spotted by a lookout
【小题2】watertight compartments
【小题3】frightenthepoor man
【小题4】heavy footsteps in the hall
【解析】根据《泰坦尼克号》课文内容可知,三句话分别为:
Fourdaysaftersettingout,whiletheTitanicwassailingacrosstheicywatersoftheNorthAtlantic,ahugeicebergwassuddenly spotted by a lookout.
Below,thecaptainrealizedtohishorrorthattheTitanicwassinkingrapidly,forfiveofhersixteenwatertight compartments hadalreadybeenflooded.
Notwantingto frightenthepoor man,Mrs.Richardsquicklyhidinthesmallstoreroomunderthestairs.Sheheardthefrontdooropenand heavy footsteps in the hall.
故填:(1)spotted by a lookout(2)watertight compartments(3)frightenthepoor man(4)heavy footsteps in the hall。
● 出发四天后,当泰坦尼克号驶过北大西洋冰冷的水域时,瞭望员突然发现了一座巨大的冰山。
● 下面,船长惊恐地意识到泰坦尼克号正在迅速下沉,因为她的16个水密舱室中有5个已经被淹没。
● 理查兹太太不想吓到这个可怜的人,赶紧躲到楼梯下的小储藏室里。她听到前门开了,大厅里传来沉重的脚步声。
本题考查根据课本内容补全句子,平时对一些重点句子和短语要熟练记忆。
55.【答案】The online New Year's Day party,whoseaim was to relieve students' pressure and create a relaxed atmosphere,received the full support of the whole school.
【解析】线上元旦晚会The online New Year's Day party作主语,缓解学生压力、营造轻松氛围relieve students' pressure and create a relaxed atmosphere是句子定语部分,使用whose引导非限制性定语从句:whoseaim was to relieve students' pressure and create a relaxed atmosphere;得到了全校师生的鼎力支持receive the full support of the whole school手机句子谓语部分,根据"得到了"可知应使用一般过去时。
故翻译为:The online New Year's Day party,whoseaim was to relieve students' pressure and create a relaxed atmosphere,received the full support of the whole school.
线上元旦晚会旨在缓解学生压力、营造轻松氛围,得到了全校师生的鼎力支持。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。
56.【答案】In the past three years,we have worked together to overcome the difficulties and always believed thatfar asthe road is,as long as we go,we'll arrive.
【解析】根据句意和结构可知"过去三年"用in the past three years,后面句子用现在完成时,"我们齐心协力"用we have worked together ,to overcome the difficulties 是不定式作目的状语,意为"共克时艰",and后面是并列谓语believed,后面接that引导的宾语从句,从句中用as引导的让步状语从句的倒装句,far asthe road is意为"路虽远","行则将至"翻译成:as long as we go,we'll arrive,as long as引导的条件状语从句,we'll arrive是主句。
故填:In the past three years,we have worked together to overcome the difficulties and always believed thatfar asthe road is,as long as we go,we'll arrive.
过去三年,我们齐心协力、共克时艰,始终相信:路虽远,行则将至。
本题考查汉译英。汉译英是基础题,需要学生根据句意、时态和固定搭配等,来选择合适的单词或者短语。