2022年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国乙卷）

英语

全国乙卷

阅读理解B篇

原文是美国时政杂志《新闻周刊》的文章《How the West Was Taught》：

原文链接

阅读理解C篇

这篇原文来自法国泰雷兹集团，

法国最大的防务类机械电子科技公司的企业文化网站。

2019年发表的一篇文章

《HOW DRONES WILL CHANGE THE FUTURE OF RAILWAYS？》

原文链接

阅读理解D篇

这篇文章来自《每日电讯报》，

2018年发表的

《sugar-tax-making-half-much-money-government-expected》。

原文链接

完形填空

《Mail Online》为美国的读者提供新闻和娱乐节目为主，这篇被选中的文章发表于2016年。

原文链接

七选五

这篇文章来自英国《卫报》（the guardian)，发表于2019年。

原文链接

语法填空

近几年凡是中国文化相关的语篇，

基本都选自国内网站，

其中《环球时报》和《中国日报》英文版为主。

这篇选自《China Daily》。

2020年5月21日发表的一篇关于茶文化的文章。

原文链接

本文素材来源网络，如有侵权请联系

In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.

Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.

They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.

In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.

Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."

Can a small group of drones（无人机）guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year? That is the very likely future of applying today's "eyes in the sky" technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure（基础设施）worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.

Drones are already being used to examine high-tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on-time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient（高效）across the board.

That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.

By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher-value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don't need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co-pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast-moving trains would be able to react in time.

The Government's sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.

First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity（肥胖）. It is believed that today's children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.

Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.

It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers' efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.

However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.

Today's figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.

Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health. Here are five ways to sustain（保持）long-distance friendships.

·Set a regular date

Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact（联系）and share with one another. With busy schedules, squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.36

·More isn't always merrier

Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.37. There are alternatives to constant written communication, such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.

·Practise empathy（共情）

38. The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved. The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.

·39

Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance friendships. Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible, extra effort goes a long way on special days. Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.

·Don't rely on technology alone

40, but long-distance friendships -even close ones -may require more conscious effort to sustain. Try to seek out chances to renew friendships. How to do it? Just spend face-to-face time together whenever possible.

Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there's something highly exciting about41someone else's glance and making oneself unable to be seen.

However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably42 at hiding. They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies43.

For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was44as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric"（自我中心的）creatures. But our45research results in child developmental psychology46that idea.

We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each47sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or48. We then asked the child if she could49 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn't. The same50happened when the adult covered her own mouth:51children said that they couldn't52to her.

A number of53ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked. The results were clear: Our young subjects54the questions and knew55what was asked of them. Their56to the questions reflected their true57that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply58mutual（相互的）recognition and regard. Our59suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism. In fact, children consider this method60when others use it.

May 21st this year marks the first International Tea Day, which was named officially61the United Nations on November 27th, 2019. To celebrate62festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.

The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society63（address）the opening ceremony. "As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the64（large）tea-producing country, China has a65（responsible）to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry. It can help to build a community with a66（share）future for mankind," he said.

The "First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative" issued（发布）at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation67cultural exchanges. A four-year tea promotion—Tea Road Cooperative Plan—was also issued in accordance with the initiative.

68（strengthen）the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media,69（invite）twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts.

The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled（揭幕）at the ceremony, opening70（it）first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—A Special Exhibition of Pu'er Tea.

参考答案