青岛市2022届高考模拟检测
语文试题
2022.05
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、座位号等填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将答题卡交回。
一、现代文阅读（35 分）
(一)现代文阅读I (本题共5小题，19分)
阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：
东西方学者大都同意“责任心”与“美德”均为先秦儒学的重要概念。然而，关于这些概念的确切含义，以及它们是如何相互关联的，却存在着相当大的争论。一些学者受到20世纪现代新儒家的影响，更倾向于突出责任而非美德。另一些学者，则受到英美哲学界重新亚里士多德的影响，对儒学进行了更加道德化的解释。尽管他们也会强调儒家与亚里士多德之间的差异，但对这些学者来说，美德至少和责任心一样重要。通常，一个人要完成他所知道的职责，从责任心出发还是从美德出发是有区别的。例如孔子七十岁时“从心所欲不逾矩”，他已无须强迫自己尽责，而是发自内心地行动。
我们通常钦佩那些能够强迫自己服从自己职责的人，但孔子更担心这种谨慎而非发自内心的行为会成为一种虚伪。伪君子和有责任心的人有相似之处，既包括表面的行为，很大程度上也包括他们的心理。因为毕竟表面上看，伪君子不是也能确认他们的责任吗？两者的不同，看起来仅在于有责任心的人尽力确保他的行为与责任之间的一致性。《论语》有时也称赞那些尽职尽责的人和事，指出一个人应该尽自己的责任去发展自己的美德，而且必须要持之以恒。这里提倡的尽责是指学习者的行动而不是表面功夫。
如何解决《论语》中关于尽责问题的含混矛盾之处，西方哲学家奥伯丁在一篇文章中提出一个较好的方式。文章的部分内容是对孔子学生子贡的一项扩展研究。她认为，子贡“对孔子的教导十分虔信，他热忱地向他人宣说孔子的言行，针对他人对孔子的怀疑，忠诚地为其辩护”，而且他始终尽责地遵循着“一种有学问而又内敛的礼节”。但奥伯丁认为子贡过分的形式主义对他人和自己来说都有负面影响。她说，子贡的失败显现在他的礼节对其他人的影响中，显现在他们未意识到的自我消逝中，也显现在子贡活力的失去。更深一层，这也影响到了子贡自身。如果我们假设子贡的目的是为了促进与他人的良好关系，那么他的努力是一种非常有害的方式。在他的技艺训练中，很少有让他切身受益的东西。结果是，他树立了一个障碍，阻碍了别人与他共情……
与《论语》一样，《孟子》同样表达了对尽责的隐忧。其中一些文字透露出，孟子可能担忧某些履行了很小的责任却获得了巨大名声的所谓“乡愿”，表现出了某种“道德伪装”。他认为，尊崇这样的人，促成和鼓励了一种只谈责任不谈其他的习惯，致使社会群体所理解的责任太过狭隘，无法为个人或社会带来真正的道德进步，人们只满足于平庸的道德生活。这种解读同样符合《论语》中关于“乡愿”的讨论，回应了孔子对“色厉内荏”之辈的批评，即用高尚的外表掩饰内心的缺陷。孟子相信人具有天生的美德，而且需要加以保护和扩充；如果抛弃了，那就与动物没有区别。所谓“行仁义”，孟子的意思是，确实有必要将仁爱付诸实践，但是仁爱的行为须以一种自然的方式从仁爱之心中产生。这种差别不管是在古代中国的还是现代西方的道德伦理著作中都很常见。
到目前为止，我们看到《孟子》和《论语》一样，已经有了清晰的尽责的概念，并且对此进行了严肃的思考。虽然孟子的重点不是讨论伪善而是讨论个人满足于道德的平庸，不过，我们在《孟子》中也发现，自觉的行为对于学习者来说是十分重要的。
（安靖如《责任心是美德吗？》，有删改）
材料二：
安靖如先生在《责任心是美德吗？》一文中指出，在早期儒家思想家那里存在着把责任心和美德相混淆的情况，这种混淆会导致消极的和负面的后果。他在“结论”中也指出：“尽责地强迫自己遵循礼不等同于自然地、基于美德的反应。”看来，他是把美德与责任心区别开来的。但这里的关键问题是：美德与责任心能否截然二分？
诚然，孔子曾自称“从心所欲不逾矩”，但那毕竟是他70岁时才达到的境界，决不是一蹴而就的。从一开始不得不然，到最后从心所欲，是一个由此及彼的渐进过程，是一个由责任心发展成美德的过程。从这个层面看，这恰恰反映了责任心与美德之间的连续性。
其实，即使从西方哲学传统看，也不能说美德与责任心是剥离的。在古希腊哲学中，苏格拉底就强调美德是需要中介的，这最典型地体现在他提出的那个著名命题“美德就是知识”中。这个命题，意味着只有以知识为内在环节或条件，美德才能实现；也只有借助知识，美德才能成为可教的。所以，西方哲学倾向于把道德本身作为反思的对象。就像陈康先生所说“西洋将理论知识和道德行为分开，中国将它们合并”，同西方文化相比，儒家更加强调知行合一。但有一点却毋庸置疑，即西方哲学同样强调道德实践的自觉意识层面，这意味着责任心同美德之间不是断裂的而是连续的。
若拿中西思想对勘，孔子所谓的“仁”，大致上可对应于西方哲学中道德含义上的“德性”。这显然是依据“仁者爱人”之义，将“仁”作为儒家的一种完满的美德。美德的含义可以同儒家所谓的“仁”相通约，但这是否就意味着“仁”排斥“责任心”呢？我认为，至少在儒家所谓的“仁”的含义上，回答应该是否定的，责任心就是人对自己所担当的道德责任的自觉意识，就此而言，责任心并没有被排除在美德之外。
孔子曰：“为仁由己。”这是强调德性的自足性。同孔子很相似，亚里士多德也强调德性的自足性，例如他说：“什么东西可以被当作善本身呢？是那些不须任何其他理由而被追求的东西。”这意味着道德选择的依据是内在的、自足的。
总之，我认为，在儒家的语境中，是不能把美德同责任心撅为两截的。儒家意义上的责任，无法摆脱道德而获得意义。但在安文中，有些地方似乎存在着试图把这两者剥离开来的倾向。这正是我所不能同意的。
（何中华《美德责任心是二分的吗？——与安靖如先生商榷》，有删改）
1.下列对材料相关内容的理解和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）
A.材料一认为英美哲学界重新了亚里士多德，对儒学进行了重新解释，认为美德至少和责任心一样重要。
B.材料一认为孔子和孟子都表达了对“尽责”的担忧，认为非发自内心的尽责者，更易成为“伪君子”。
C.材料二认为无论是从西方哲学传统还是儒家传统来看，责任心同美德之间不是断裂的而是连续的。
D.材料二认为儒家的“仁”与西方哲学的“德性”内涵是接近的，道德选择的依据是内在的、自足的。
2.根据材料内容，下列说法正确的一项是（3分）
A.孔子和孟子认为，伪君子和乡愿虽然尽力确保自己行为与责任一致，但因其内心有缺陷而无法使个人的道德进步。
B.孔子和孟子忽视了“责任心”在现实行为中的实际作用，认为“尽责”在实践中存在明显的负面影响和局限性。
C.材料二中，西方哲学认为美德需要中介，而儒家强调知行合一，因此后者更能体现责任心与美德之间的连续性。
D.两则材料都对儒学的责任心与美德进行了阐释，材料一强调两者的区别，材料二则突出两者的无法割裂。
3.下列说法，不能支持材料二观点的一项是（3分）
A.张桂梅几十年如一日，献身于乡村教育，无怨无悔。
B.樊锦诗扎根大漠，青丝变白发，甘做敦煌的守护人。
C.根据法院的判决，张家兄弟四人每月支付父母赡养费一千元。
D.霍去病认为“匈奴未灭，何以家为？”，拒绝了汉武帝赏赐的豪宅。
4.假如你是子贡的同学，请结合两则材料给他提出改变自己的建议。（4 分）
5.材料二是如何反驳材料一的观点的？请结合材料简要分析。（6分）
（二）现代文阅读Ⅱ（本题共4小题，16 分）
阅读下面的文字，完成6~ 9题。
文本一：
渔村的炊烟
简梅
①我的故乡在东南沿海的一个渔村。小时候，最喜欢和伙伴们爬到村后的山上，眺望鳞次栉比的房屋冒出的袅袅炊烟。那欢快、朴素的炊烟，从家家户户烟囱里徐徐而出，飘舞如轻纱，斜飞似绸带……它们与千变万化的云朵相互映衬，最终消失在海天远处。
②早晨、中午、晚上的炊烟各有不同。清晨时，海天还未醒来，零星的炊烟从斑斑青瓦间寂寥地现出身姿，村巷时近时远的鸡鸣声衬得清晨更加宁静。闽江入海口飘来的薄雾，仿佛为炊烟铺了一层底色。炊烟中，可见影影绰绰的人影，传来一两声呼儿唤女、嘱咐添衣的叮咛，以及渔民收拾渔具窸窸窣窣的声响。等到一轮红日豁然展现在村庄的上方，烟色也渐渐浓重起来。而中午时的炊烟，则夹杂着饭菜的香气，大人们早已在案板及灶台前，削、碾、揉、捏、包、捻……忙活了半天，端上一碗碗新出锅的鱼丸、鱼面，滚烫着、蒸腾着。大老远，就能听见乡音俚语欢快地在左邻右舍间蔓延。天色渐渐暗下来了，此时，炊烟再次从灶膛处升腾起来，风一拂动，便在幽深狭窄的村巷中徘徊，或在苔藓斑驳的土路上缱绻，然后化作浅淡的烟缕重返天空，向远处慢慢飘去。
③在我的乡愁记忆里，那亲切、轻盈的炊烟，满是温暖的气息。特别是到了逢年过节的日子，不绝如缕的炊烟就会集结成方阵，以一种别样的舒展、高旷，给人以亲情的召唤。那些海上捕捞归来的人，远远地望见炊烟，就仿佛看见家中锅灶旁忙碌的亲人，正在准备着热腾腾的饭菜，那饭菜中饱含着家人的汗水和智慧，氤氲着团聚的期待和喜悦。他们感觉辛劳顿消，浑身都暖和了起来。
④炊烟袅袅，迎来送往，日复一日，年复一年。人们在大海上辛勤劳作，为的就是让渔获满满、炊烟不断。他们经过大风大浪的洗礼，愈加认定：家中灯火的温暖和柴米油盐的充实，便是人生的幸福。然而在过去，地窄、村偏、人穷的渔村，仅靠人的双手在茫茫大海上劳作，收获甚微。过去故乡紧缺柴火，人们得去外县山区找柴砍柴，而后雇船回乡，历经千辛万苦。而找一次柴仅能应付两三个月，一年得往返三四次。每每说起这些，老人们都叹息不已。为了节省柴火，渔村人更是想尽一切办法，比如将好的柴块垫底，使火更旺，而将杂碎的柴薪铺在上面；烧完的火炭要扒出来，待冷却后二次利用，拿来生火炖汤、熬药；火灰可当肥料，一担卖五六角……
⑤改革开放后，渔村的生产生活发生很大变化，从单纯从事渔业，转变为农林牧副渔全面发展。除了从事海洋捕捞外，人们大力发展海产品养殖、冷冻加工、造船、织网等产业，收入有了显著提高。大船小船也都装上现代化器械，风风雨雨里，满载而归的日子更多了。接续的奋斗，使许多人家都摆脱了贫困。于是，渔家灶膛的火苗愈燃愈旺了，升腾的炊烟也愈来愈欢了。不少人家，眼看着盖起了新房，收入也稳定了，便开始思量着改善伙食，鸡、鸭、鱼、肉，择日烹饪；锅、碗、瓢、盆，协奏成曲。缭绕、繁忙的炊烟，喜气洋洋的炊烟，轻拂着一家家厅堂，喜跃马鞍墙，俯瞰遍野梅……
⑥生活条件改善了，渔村人脸上的笑容也多了起来。有人在新居里摘着香瓜，看见熟人路过，一声亲切的招呼响起：“刚摘下的，带几个回去给孩子吃吧。”有人去邻居厨房借点蚝油，邻居刚好煮出一锅海鲜，“来，坐下尝一口！”村头常年缭绕的炊烟下，时而还有邂逅发生：“好久不见啰！听说你在外省做生意？来，进屋喝杯茶吧！”……举止之间，言语之中，善意的微笑，温暖的话语，熨帖着人们的心灵。
⑦如今，家家户户用上了煤气灶，只有在岁末年关的时候，需要大灶蒸年糕，炊烟才从烟囱里重新冒了出来，缠缠绕绕、蓬蓬松松的炊烟，总在人的心底勾起不尽的乡思与乡情，满溢出童年和时光的味道。我常回老家看望母亲，每当亲人团聚、朋友相会，或有游子从远方归来之时，村头巷尾，一家家屋内，都会烟气轻笼。亲情的交织，孩子的欢笑，热腾腾的美味，让人体会到家的温馨与幸福。各家各户的日子越过越红火，袅袅炊烟下，对许多食材，人们既有传承习俗的做法，又有厨艺翻新的尝试。记得有一年除夕时，我的少年伙伴就办了一回家乡“十大名菜”宴，特意请来了村里的几个长辈一起过年。桌上，有红鲟蒸粉丝、鸡汤汆海蚌、煎糟鳗鱼块、香油元宝虾、火锅鱼丸汤、什锦太平燕、蟹炒白粿、爆炒双脆、荔枝肉和甜芋泥等“名菜”，色、香、味俱全，村里人也啧啧称道。
⑧缕缕炊烟，慢慢拂过渔村的街巷与人家，在渔村上空轻舞出幸福的味道……
（选自《人民日报》，有删改）
文本二：
散文的“非虚构写作”，表现为作家所写的人、事、情、景必是他的亲历和体验，且带有强烈的个人化感受。同时，不能为了“非虚构”而牺牲审美性。散文的审美性体现在多个方面：表达最为丰富多样的情感；注重形象的饱满，无论是人物还是景物，都需经过作者主观体验的过滤与艺术性的加工，具有一种独特的审美风格；讲究语言表达和韵味。
（摘编自陈剑晖《非虚构写作与散文的审美性》，有删改）
6.下列对文本一相关内容的理解，不正确的一项是（3分）
A.“欢快、朴素的炊烟，从家家户户烟囱里徐徐而出”，营造出与“依依墟里烟”相似的意境，引发读者丰富的联想与想象。
B.无论是在物质匮乏、生活艰辛的年代，还是在改革开放后的现代化生活中，渔村人奋斗的本色不变。
C.文章围绕“渔村的炊烟”，不惜笔墨描写渔村人的饮食生活，平凡生活中蕴含着习俗传承、人情世味。
D.尽管改革开放后生活条件改善了，但只有在岁末年关时渔村才重新飘起炊烟，这里流露出作者深深的无奈与伤感之情。
7.下列对文本一艺术特色的分析鉴赏，不正确的一项是（3分）
A.文章体现了散文“形散神聚”的特点，时空跨度大，从童年到现在，从村里到村外，选材丰富，手法灵活，主题突出。
B.文章构思巧妙，以小见大，琐事不“琐”，小事不“小”，以渔村炊烟表现人民生活的变化，社会时代的变迁。
C.渔村人的生活，早年艰辛如今富足，对比鲜明，欲扬先抑，突出了改革开放让渔村经济由落后走向快速发展。
D.文章无论是写人记事，还是绘景抒情，都有作者鲜明的生活印记，体现了散文“非虚构”写作的特点。
8.文本一最后一段中“幸福的味道”意蕴丰富，请结合全文简要分析。（4分）
9.请结合文本二，分析文本一是如何体现散文审美性的。（6 分）
二、古代诗文阅读 （35分）
（一）文言文阅读（本题共5小题，20分）
阅读下面的文言文，完成10~14题。
材料一：
贞观八年，太宗谓侍臣曰：“自朕有天下以来，存心抚养，无有所科差，人人皆得营生，守其资财，即朕所赐。向使朕科唤不已，虽数资赏赐，亦不如不得。
贞观九年，太宗谓侍臣曰：“往昔初平京师宫中珍玩美女无院不满炀帝意犹不足征求无已兼穷兵黩武东西征讨百姓不堪遂致亡灭此皆朕所目见，故夙夜孜孜，惟欲清净，使天下无事。夫治国犹如栽树，本根不摇，则枝叶茂荣。君能清净，百姓何得不安乐乎？”
贞观十六年，太宗谓侍臣曰：“或君乱于上，臣治于下；或臣乱于下，君治于上。二者苟逄，何者为甚？”特进魏征对曰：“君心治，则照见下非。诛一劝百，谁敢不畏威尽力？若昏暴于上，忠谏不从，虽百里奚、伍子胥之在虞、吴，不救其祸，败亡亦继。”太宗曰：“必如此，齐文宣注昏暴，杨遵彦以正道扶之得治，何也？”征曰：“遵彦弥缝暴主，救治苍生，才得免乱，亦甚危苦。与人主严明，臣下畏法，直言正谏，皆见信用，不可同年而语也。”
太宗自即位之始，志在忧人，锐精为政，崇尚节俭。至贞观三年，关中丰熟，商旅野次，无复盗贼。
（选自唐代吴兢《贞观政要》，有删改）
材料二：
方今陛下躬行俭约，以率天下，此左右通贵之臣所亲见。然而其闺门之内，奢靡无节，犯上之所恶，以伤天下之教者，有已甚者矣。未闻朝廷有所放绌，以示天下。
臣窃观前世治财之大略，盖因天下之力，以生天下之财，取天下之财，以供天下之费。自古治世，未尝以不足为天下之公患也。患在治财无其道耳。今天下不见兵革之具，而元元安土乐业，人致己力，以生天下之财，然而公私尝以困穷为患者，殆以理财未得其道，而有司不能度世之宜而通其变耳。诚能理财以其道，而通其变，臣虽愚，固知增吏禄不足以伤经费也。
（选自宋代王安石《王文公文集》，有删改）
[注]：齐文宣，北齐显祖文宣皇帝高洋。
10.下列对文中画波浪线部分的断句，正确的一项是（3分）
A.往昔初平京师/宫中珍玩美女无院不满炀帝/意犹不足/征求无已/兼穷兵黩武/东西征讨/百姓不堪/遂致亡灭
B.往昔初平京师/宫中珍玩美女无院不满/炀帝意犹不足/征求无已/兼穷兵黩武/东西征讨百姓/不堪/遂致亡灭
C.往昔初平京师/宫中珍玩美女无院不满/炀帝意犹不足/征求无已/兼穷兵黩武/东西征讨/百姓不堪/遂致亡灭
D.往昔初平京师/宫中珍玩美女无院不满炀帝/意犹不足/征求无已/兼穷兵黩武/东西征讨百姓/不堪/遂致亡灭
11.下列对文中加点词语的相关内容的解说，不正确的一项是（3分）
A.科差，指古代官府按照条例向民户征收财物或科派劳役。
B.特进，既是官名，也有特予晋升之意，文中是后者之意。
C.关中，地名，位于东潼关、西散关、南武关、北萧关等四关之内。
D.兵革，泛指武器军备，文中的含义与“威天下不以兵革之利”相同。
12.下列对原文有关内容的概括和分析，不正确的一项是（3分）
A.魏征认为，君主威严圣明，臣子敬畏守法、敢于直言进谏、得君主信任，才更容易实现天下大治。
B.唐太宗用“栽树”比喻“治国”，深入浅出、生动形象地阐述了君为国本、君民一体、一荣俱荣的观点。
C.王安石秉持取之于民、用之于民的理财观，这与他在《答司马谏议书》中“为天下理财，不为争利”的观点一致。
D.无论是魏征主张惩戒犯错的臣子，还是王安石主张惩罚“伤天下之教者”，都是为了警示他人，更好地治理国家。
13.把文中画横线的句子翻译成现代汉语。（8 分）
（1）必如此，齐文宣昏暴，杨遵彦以正道扶之得治，何也？
（2）诚能理财以其道，而通其变，臣虽愚，固知增吏禄不足以伤经费也。
14.如何才能治世安天下？请综合两则材料简要概括。（3 分）
（二）古代诗歌阅读（本题共2小题，9分）
阅读下面这首宋词，完成15~16题。
行香子·过七里濑①苏轼
一叶舟轻，双桨鸿惊。水天清、影湛波平。鱼翻藻鉴，鹭点烟汀。过沙溪急，霜溪冷，月溪明。
重重似画，曲曲如屏。算当年、虚老严陵②。君臣一梦，今古空名。但远山长，云山乱，晓山青。
[注]①这首词系苏轼任杭州通判，途经富春江七里濑时所作。②严陵：曾力助刘秀起兵。刘秀称帝后，他拒官隐居，终日垂钓富春江上。
15.下列对这首词的赏析，不恰当的一项是（3分）
A.一叶轻舟既见证经历，又体现心境，词人借小舟轻行水上写内心轻松愉悦，与“轻舟已过万重山”异曲同工。
B.上阕紧扣题目中的“过”字，通过视角的转换，于景物的变化中，传达出词人丰富的主观感受。
C.下阕“算当年、虚老严陵”，表达了词人对严陵的推崇，希望自己像他一样摆脱世俗羁绊，超然世外。
D.本词意象活泼灵动，意境丰盈深邃，写景、抒情、议论完美融合，寄托了作者的生命感悟与人生态度。
16.这首词语言特色鲜明，请简要分析。(6分)
（三）名篇名句默写（本题共1小题，6分）
17.补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。(6分)
（1）当朋友因痛悔过去无法自拔，而忽略了当下和未来时，我们可以用陶渊明《归去来兮辞》中的“，”两句相劝解。
（2）判断要有根有据，切忌道听途说，妄加揣测。正如苏轼在《石钟山记》中所言：“，”，怎么能行呢？
（3）荷，是古典诗词中的常见意象。杨万里的“接天莲叶无穷碧，映日荷花别样红”绘其色；周邦彦的《苏幕遮·燎沉香》中“，”两句摹其态。
三、语言文字运用（20分）
（一）语言文字运用Ⅰ(本题共3小题，11分)
阅读下面的文字，完成18~20题。
只要你留心，这个世界就好像每天都能听到花落的声音。像樱、梨、桃这样轻盈飘逸的花，我从不将它们的谢落看作一种死亡。它们在风的轻唤声中，觉悟到自己曾经是有翅膀的天使，便试着挣脱了枝头，试着飞，轻轻地就飞了出去……
最喜欢乡间那种朴素的小雏菊，谢得不事张扬，开得也含蓄无声。它的凋谢不是风暴，说来就来，它就那么安静地依偎在花托上，一点点地消瘦，一点点地憔悴，然后不露痕迹地在冬的萧瑟里，和整个季节一起老去。
18.“好像”常表示“不十分肯定的推测”，有时也表示“肯定与确认”。下列各句中的“好像”与文中加点的“好像”，意义不相同的一项是（3分）
A.曾主任没有抬头，边干着手头的工作边问站在旁边的小李：“你好像对这次的工作安排很有意见啊！为什么不能当面向领导提呢？”
B.“警察同志，我跟死者只在街上碰过一次面，真的。”张警官似笑非笑地看着对面的嫌疑犯：“是吗？好像你们还一起跳过舞吧？”
C.姜伟回来了，妈妈看了看他，没有说话。沉默了一会儿，她问：“老师说你今天上课的时候好像又开小差了，怎么回事？”
D.王老师扬了扬手中的一本书，问：“这是谁的书？”杨老师接过去翻看了一下，说：“好像是陈老师的，要不你问问他吧！”
19.文中画横线的句子有语病，下列修改最恰当的一项是（3分）
A.最喜欢乡间那种朴素的小雏菊，开得含蓄无声，谢得也不事张扬。
B.最喜欢乡间朴素的那种小雏菊，谢得含蓄无声，开得也不事张扬。
C.最喜欢乡间那种朴素的小雏菊，开得不事张扬，谢得也含蓄无声。
D.最喜欢乡间朴素的那种小雏菊，谢得不事张扬，开得也含蓄无声。
20.分析文中画波浪线句子的修辞手法及其表达效果。（5 分）
（二）语言文字运用Ⅱ（本题共2小题，9分）
阅读下面的文字，完成21~22 题。
消防安全是学校的重要工作之一，必须高度重视。开学前，要对校内消防设施进行全面检测维护保养；入学后，应该加强全校师生的防火安全教育。要教育学生在实验课上严格按照规程操作，( ) 做好安全防护。教育学生不要在宿舍内①，( ）线路超负荷工作。发生火灾，要第一时间通知周围人撤离。②，要采用匍匐姿势，( ）贴近地面设法逃生。( ) 发现无法逃离，要冷静待援；在等待救援的过程中，③，以便及时脱险。
21.依次填入文中括号里的词语，最恰当的一项是（3分）
A.并且以免尽快如果B.并且以防尽量一旦
C.或者以免尽量一旦D.或者以防尽快如果
22.按序对应下面三幅图，分别在文中横线处补写恰当的语句，使整段文字语意完整连贯，内容贴切，逻辑严密，每处不超过10个字。（6 分）
四、作文（60分）
23.阅读下面的材料，根据要求写作。
要求：整体把握漫画的内容和寓意，写一篇文章。选好角度，确定立意，明确文体，自拟标题；不要套作，不得抄袭；不得泄露个人信息；不少于800字。
青岛市2022年高考模拟检测
英语试题
2022.05
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分）
第一节(15小题，每小题2.5题，满分37.5分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The University of Arkansas offers an exciting campus life that is culturally，intellectually andsocially enriching. Every semester offers opportunities to attend musical performances，theaterproductions，art exhibits，poetry reading and hundreds of other events.
Registered Student Organizations
On our campus，you will find 380 Registered Student Organizations (RSOs)，from specialinterests to professional groups.It is easy and rewarding to get involved. Students are able to create，budget，plan and governtheir own organizations and events. Current RSOs can be academic，professional or grounded in special interests. And if you don't find one you like，you can even startyour own.
Arts and Culture
From art galleries and symphonies to film series and rock concerts，the University of Arkansashas a multitude of events and facilities to enrich your educational experience. The MulticulturalCenter exists to enhance the University of Arkansas academic experience by preparing students forlife in a diverse society.
Center for Community Engagement
The Center for Community Engagement CCE) offers service programs for students, studentgroups and staff. Programs include food programs，mentorship，and several volunteer opportunitiesthrough the Volunteer Action Center. CCE serves as a catalyst(催化剂) between the campus and thecommunity through thecore values of being Relationship Focused，Student Driven and ServiceMinded. It also supports a network of student leaders，local agencies and University of Arkansasdepartments to create sustainable solutions through leadership experience，collaboration，and service.
1.In which column of the universitywebsite can you probablyfind theext?
A.Academics.
B.Student Life.
C. Cost & Aid.
D.School Visits & Fairs.
2.What can you do if you get involved inRSOs?
A. Get a financial reward. B. Run organizationson your own.
C. Carry put events as required. D. Conduct studieswith professors.
3.What role does CCE mainly play?
A. It serves students and their parents.
B. It enriches students'volunteer experiences.
C. Itconnects the campus and the community.
D. It creates solutions with support from the Internet.
B
Leek Town Warriors was a girls’ football team Which used to get routinely defeated every timethey turned out，until James Henry stepped in two years ago. He took the job when the previouscoach quit and transformed the team's fortunes. With the help of his assistant AndyAustin，theystarted training hard in April 2020.
Some players had never kicked a football before joining the team，so training them took hours ofhard work and patience. After a good few weeks，they got down to training and really started to takeit in what the coach wanted.“I insist on doing the basic stuff well and letting the girls decidewhatthey feel they need to work on.”James said.
James'first season was ruined by the pandemic, which forced him and Andy to get creative withtraining.They organized team-building activities with the girls to help them bond on andoff the field.James then spent the sessions they could hold focusingon the basics of football like passing andshooting，bringing the girls up to a good standard.
James watched thegirls developover the course of last year，and in September they played theirfirst match of the new season. They won the game，and since then went on an unbeaten run of eightgames. The team's star player,15-year-old Chelsea，has also impressed the audience individually，becoming the top scorer in theleague with incredible30 goals.
James said，“All the effort that the girls，us coaches and parents have put in to get this point hasbeen enormous.If Ihadn't hadthe Support of Andy helping me every week, this would have been animpossible task.So I'mincredibly gratefulto have him on side.All we want is to bring more girlsinto the game and show that it 's not all about having the best players；it 's about hard work and givingeveryonethe chance to play.”
4.Why did James Henry take over the soccer team?
A. Because he wanted to try his fortune.
B. Because he wanted to turn things around.
C. Because the previous coach recommended him.
D. Because he hopedto fulfillhis champion dream.
5.What did James do to change the situation?
A. Pick experienced players.
B. Develop players' patience.
C. Laystress on basic skills.
D. Make decisions for the girls.
6.What did the team achieve after James was in charge?
A. They won the league championship.
B. They stood out in James' first season.
C. They scored 30 goals in the season.
D. They won regularly and secured promotion.
7.What can we learn from the story?
A. Talent is the key.
B. Joint efforts matter.
C. Every dog has his day.
D. Time and tide wait for no man.
C
Identical twins Kathy and Sophie arrivedat college last year and determined to strike out onindependent paths, so they had requested rooms in different dorms. While Kathy got along with herroommate, Sophie was miserable. She and her roommate silently warred over matters ranging fromwhen the lights should be turned off to how the furnitureshould be arranged. Finally, they divided theroom in two and gave up on oral communication. During this time, Sophie kept seeking comfort fromKathy. Before long，the two wanted to live together again. Sophie's roommate eventually agreed tomove out.
Sophie's ability to solve her dilemma by rooming with her identical twin is unusual，but theconflict she faced is not. Most roommate conflicts spring from such small，annoying differences rather than from grand disagreements over abstract philosophical principles. One person likes quiet，while the other person spends two hours a day practicing the trumpet. One eats only organicallyproduced vegetables and loves animals，while the other likes wearing fur and enjoys cutting up frogsin biology class.
When personalities don'tmix，the excitement of being away at college can quickly fade away. Moreover，roommates can affect each other's psychological health. A recent study reports thatdepression in college roommates is often passed from oneperson to another.
Many schools have started conflict resolution programs tocalmtensionsthat otherwisecan buildup like a volcano preparing to explode，ultimately resulting in physicalviolence.Some collegeshaveresorted to“roommate contracts”that allnewstudents fill out and sign after attendinga seminar onroommate relations. Students detail behavioralguidelines for their room，including acceptablehoursfor study and sleep，a policy for useof eachother's possessions. Some schools trytohead off the feudbefore it begins by using computerizedmatching. Students are put together onthe basis of theirresponses to housing form questions.
8.Why is the twins' story mentioned? .
A. To describe college life.
B. To reveal the relationshipof the twins.
C. To show the love between the sisters.
D. To present the phenomenon of roommateconflicts.
9.What is the cause of most conflicts among roommates?
A. They have opposite mindsets.
B. They argue over serious matters.
C. They differ greatly in life values.
D. They hold different preferences in some way.
10.What does the underlined word“feud”in the last paragraph mean?
A. Difference. B. Quarrel. C. Competition. D. Disagreement.
11.Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A. Identical Twins Living Together AgaininColleges
B. Roommate Conflicts，Common and Unavoidable?
C. Roommate Contracts, Useful in Solving Conflicts?
D. Roommate Conflicts Affecting Students' Psychology
D
As the global population grows and shifts towards urban living，the land available in our cities isbeing under increasing pressure. In order to be sustainable，cities need to find ways to minimize theirurban expansion. One option is to build upwards；another is to dig down.
In Montreal，constructed underground to relieve overcrowding in the city streets is RESO —one of the largest underground complexes in the world. It is a network connectingeverything from shopsand banks to flats and hotels. This shows how going underground can meet human needs whilst alsobringing certain environmental benefits. Underground transport can reduce trafficjam above ground，thereby improving air quality. Furthermore, hanks to their relatively constant climate throughout theyear，underground spaces consume less energy for heating and cooling.
When planning underground construction projects，developers must consider existing structureson or near the site，such as the remains of historicbuildings. Designers must also ensure any underground spaceintended for human use has good air quality. One example is the forthcomingLDN Hotel，an underground hotel beneath the streets of London. Designers are using a widerange of plans tohelpkeepthe air insideclean，togetherwith a state-of-the-art ventilation system (通风系统).
Lightisanother key consideration. In New York，plans for the world's first underground parkDemonstratenovelways of bringing natural rays beneath the surface. By employing solar technologylight isto be reflected down through a series of pipes into the terminalbelow. This light would besufficient for photosynthesis(光合作用) to occur and the park's plants to grow naturally.
Today's architectsare developing innovative ways tomake underground spaces functionalandcomfortable. The question remains whetherthey can provide sustainableand realistic options for thefuture. Besides practical considerations, thereexists the challengeof building a positive perception of“going underground”.Yet，the obvious challenges of constructing habitableunderground spaces mustbe weighed against the urgent issue of housing the world's ballooning population. Oneday，it willfeel as natural to live and work underground as it does to do so over 100 storeyshigh.
12.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2?
A. To advertisethe underground complexes.
B. To give suggestions on relieving crowdedness.
C. To explain how the underground network works.
D. To introduce the benefitsof building underground.
13.Howdoes the author develophis opinion?
A. By giving examples.
B. By listing study findings.
C. By making comparisons.
D. By quoting others' words.
14.Which of the following will the author agree?
A.Goingunderground can solve he problemof global warming.
B. Good air quality is superior to other factors.
C. Natural light is not necessaryfor underground plants.
D. The future of going underground calls for people's positive attitude.
15.What is the text mainly about?
A. Ways to house the world population.
B. Concerns for the urban expansion.
C. Whyand howtobuildunderground.
D. The promising futureofour cities.
第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If youlike spend more time outside close to home，you may notice a lot more of whathappens naturallyin your neighborhood.16 .That's called“citizen”or“community”science. Thousands of community science projects are out there. Here's how to get started.
Figure out what sparks your curiosity. Ask yourself what gets you excited about nature. Do youlove observing the weather? Are you concerned about the water quality, where you live?17 Then there 's going to be a project about them.
18 All you need is a smartphone or a computer for most community science projects.Check out CitizenScience.govto learn more and find projects in the database. If you're interested in abroader topic but you're not sure exactly what you want to study，you can choose a broader topic like“astronomy and space”and see a range of available projects.19 .Naturalist allows you torecord your observations to share with fellow naturalists. Or eBirdis agreat way to turnyour birdwatching hobby into a service for scientists，too.
You can be acitizen scientist no matter where you live. People often see nature, especially if youlive ina city，as something thatis far away or hard to get to. In fact, studying nature can happeneverywhere, even in the cracks of the sidewalk. You don't have to be out in the wilderness.20
A. Gather your tools.
B. Turnto naturalists.
C. Just step outside and start your observation.
D. Or you might be really into birds or flowers.
E. Citizen science can be fun and sometimes quite interesting,
F.If you have a good idea of what you' re interested in, you can turnto a specialized app.
G. Regularpeople like you and me can share what we see with scientiststhrough apps and websites.
第二部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Hank，a two-year-old eat，is a homebody. But recently，he got21 in a 60-tall-tree forfive days and four nights withoutfood or water.
Hank's big22 started last weekend. He explored the neighborhood23 , and a dogcame out, running after himand sending him flying up a tree.
When Hank's owner, Delores Bushong，24 him in the neighbor's tree, she immediatelycalled the Humane Rescue Alliance for help.25 ，Hank was too high for any ladder (梯子) to reach，and the tree branch wasn't26 enough to support the climb of the rescuer. Bushong feltextremely27 ，but her neighbors showedher that she wasn't alone.
The neighbor，whose tree Hank had climbed，let Bushong sit in his backyard and28 Hankdown. Another neighbor29 a can of fish, hoping it might attract the30 cat to come down.By day five，they tried a new31 and it worked! They32 a pulley (滑轮) system bycircling a rope around a tall branch, and33 a basket with some of the owner' s personal items.The cat, following the familiar scents, climbed into the basket and was34 from the tree.
Bushong said the help of her community was35 , and Hank's adventure taught her a lessonabout neighbors helping neighbors!
21.A.injured B. stuck C. involved D. lost
22.A.practice B. challenge C. adventure D. appearance
23.A.by chance B. in turn C. on time D. as usual
24.A.rescued B. observed C. trained D. spotted
25.A.Typically B. Surprisingly C. Unfortunately D. Strangely
26.A.smooth B. stable C. flexible D. fixed
27.A.shocked B. embarrassed C. ashamed D. helpless
28.A.talk B. catch C. bring D. frighten
29.A.received B. donated C. preserved D. sold
30.A.energetic B. hungry C. curious D. cautious
31.A.instruction B. opinion C. approach D. choice
32.A.created B. repaired C. bought D. texted
33.A made B. carried C. raised D. decorated
34.A.comforted B. protected C. returned D. lowered
35.A.responsible B. serious C. available D. remarkable
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Tai Chi isoften described as “mediation inmotion”.There is 36 (grow)evidence that thismind-body practice which originatedm China as a maritalart，has value in treating or preventing many health problems.
37 farChi is stow and gentle and doesn't leave you breathless，it deals with the keycomponents of38 (fit) —muscle strength，flexibilityand balance. Tai Chi improves balanceand，according to some studies，39 (reduce) falls. Proprioception(本体感受)—the ability40 (sense) the position of one's body in space—declines with age. Tai Chi helps train this senseand also41 (dramatic) improves muscle strength and flexibility, which makes42 easierto recover from a stumble (绊倒).Fear of falling can make you more likely to fall. Some studies havefound that Tai Chi training helps relieve that fear.
Tai Chi is very safe，and no fancy equipment43(need)，so it's easy to get started. Don't befrightened by the names，Names like Yang, Wu, and Cheng are given to different44 (branch) ofTai Chi，inhonor of people who designed the sets of movements called forms. In some forms，youlearn a，series of movements，while others more focus on breathing and meditation. Finding anapproach45 matchesyour interests and needs is the key.
第三部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华。4月23日是“世界读书日”，为此，你校开展了系列活动。请给你的笔友Tom写一封邮件，内容包括：
1.介绍活动内容；
2.分享个人收获。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family lived in a tiny apartment in Hoboken，New Jersey. Every December my mom spreadthe word to anyone alone on Christmas Eve that she would be having an open house. My mombelieved that no one should be alone during the holidays. If she could, she probably would have putan advertisement in the paper inviting the world.
Asitwas，our tiny apartment was stuffed，every room but my bedroom filled with partyingadults on ChristmasEve. Sleep was impossible，but I tried to fall asleep anyway because Santa wouldnot leave gifts for children who were awake. As I lay in bed，I wondered how Santa would even knowI was asleep amid all the laughter and how he could sneak in and leave gifts with all those peoplearound.
The Christmas Eve Open-House tradition continued.When Iwas 8 years old，we moved to thesuburb，where we got to live in a lovely，one-bedroom apartment. That first Christmas there，my mominvited anyone she met who she learned would be alone on Christmas Eve—neighbors，co-workers，shop girls，the postman...the list went on.
The next year，a new neighbor moved in nextdoor. His name was George，and he was an oldergentleman. He always nodded a greeting when he saw us. It was around Thanksgiving when we sawhim park inhis space near ours.We were bringing in groceries，and my mom asked him if he hadplans for theholiday. When he said no，and he would spend it alone，my mom mentioned her openhouse on Christmas Eve.
“Pleasejoin us，”I said. He was alreadyshaking his head no.
“But mom's apple pie is really inviting.”
“Iwon't be good company，I'mafraid，”he said.“I lost my wife a few months ago.”His eyeswere fillwith tears and he turned away.“Thank you anyway!”he called. He wentinto hisapartment and quicklyclosed the door，
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
说明：本文部分素材来源于高三老师及网络整理，文图版权归原作者或原出处所有，感谢所有原作者的辛勤付出，分享为公益若有侵权请联系删除，中学联盟信息组编排整理.
